&nbsp;

DISSIPATIVE PHENOMENA (2)

INDEX - HIGGS BOSON

INDEX - LIFE, UNIVERSE, EVERYTHING - JAN - DEC 201...

BRIAN COX AND TALES OF DOOM

http://sci-fi-future-fact-fiction.blogspot.co.uk/2014/04/more-on-gravity-7-spin.html

GRAVITY AND IMMORTALITY

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CASIMIR-GRAVITY. THE CASE FOR CASIMIR IS GROWING – 16 DEC 14

Monday, 10 November 2014

CASIMIR-GRAVITY

16 DEC 2014 - A bit more. The whole universe of electromagnetic radiation presses "down" on any and all matter - as if the matter were at the bottom of the deepest ocean trench, under pressure from the water above and surrounding it. We know that "light" exerts pressure (and must therefore have some slight mass - it is some-thing, not no-thing); all matter has been formed from the light around it (E=MC2) creating a partial momentary void in the surrounding space; the basic stuff of the universe - pure energy - "falls" into the partial void and is followed by all light as it balances the pressures. In that sense all matter is "under" the pressure of the immeasurable ocean of all the light in the universe. Casimir effects shield the "shadow" in-side of congregating matter - and thus create the "ever tightening knot", the relentless pressure of gravity on the inside of layers of matter - until black-holes form. Then what?

9 DEC 14 - The Casimir-Gravity effect is a shadow. Light on the "outside" and dark on the "inside". The ambient light is the entire Aether-Matrix, at the very least being the CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background) of 3 degrees Kelvin above absolute zero. I repeat that the Aether-Matrix is a field of coherent radio or light waves, which carry to every point in the universe, all the information there is in the universe (except long wavelengths too large to fit into the observing sphere). This ubiquitous field is constantly in-formed and re-formed by every event in the universe; yet over time retains powerful inertia and perpetuates identity. (Time: all events on every scale broadcast their presence; which propagate at 300,000 km/sec across the universe. Every event is detectable at some place in the universe, at any time).

Thus there is coherent, data-rich, ambient pressure in the Aether-Matrix; introduce matter, say a film of soap, and it will experience an outside and inside from turbulence in the Aether-Matrix, which in this case will form spherical bubbles. Crookes Radiometer or Light Mill, with paddles driven by strong (sun) light, illustrates the effect of pressure from light. The deeper the material is inside a gravitational body, then the stronger the minute differential between the ambient electromagnetic waves on the outside and the dark shadow inside. I repeat; that counter-intuitively, deep inside the Sun is a profound darkness, a lack of most ambient electromagnetic waves, which creates a relative difference in pressure; where the outside waves are pressing in (down) on material that has an outer light side, and a darker inside.

Crookes Radiometer.
Paddles driven by light.
In a vacuum

18 NOV 14 - If we reverse-engineer a large gravitational body, say The Earth, by imagining it has 10,000 shells that make its 8,000 mile - 12,700 km diameter; each shell is 1.27 km deep. Ignoring all forces & factors except gravity - if we carefully separated the shells by 50 km - breaking them as necessary to retain a globe like shape, like widely scattered, curved jig-saw pieces - the outer shell of widely separated pieces would be 51.27 km x 10,000 shells = 512,700 km (radius) out from the center. The pieces would each retain The Earth's 1,007 mph or 1,670 kph rotation. The mass would be the same as our compact Earth, but the gravity of each piece would be very small. The center of gravity would be the same as before. Presumably, the Expanded Earth pieces en-masse (forgetting the Moon) would have the same gravitational relationship with The Sun, as does the Compact Earth. So, the planetary system of gravity would not be significantly different. I don't know how many hundreds of millions of years it would take for the pieces to clump and eventually reform a Compact Earth, but in the meantime each piece would not be visibly, quickly drawn to the center. The ever tightening knot of large body gravity, where every atom and sub-atomic particle is ever more compressed and appears to be suicidally intent on reaching the center and disappearing up or down its own Black Hole - is here strung out in an open lattice of peacefully co-existing, circling asteroids. What would be very different would be the Casimir Effect. This force would be barely detectable between the millions of spaced out asteroids. The data-rich* electromagnetic waves, photons and electrons that fill the universe would envelope each piece, almost equally, and exert approximately equal forces on each piece - keeping them in place (inertia). The imperceptible tug of Casimir shadows does have many of the characteristics of gravity.

* These waves & particles enable us to identify every phenomenon in the universe. Each "thing" broadcasts its presence and essence via electromagnetic or light signals or waves, which we receive and interpret or read. The waves are data-rich and legible and are coherent in every location in space-time.

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10 NOV 14 - Discovering the causes, sources and mechanisms of gravity, after 50 years of casual science reading, has been such a shock to my system that I've had a streaming cold and cough since; which has inhibited my concentration and clarity of text. So I have brought forward the paragraph and now, here, intend to summarize the summary.

Here in 3 simple steps is how it works:

1) THE AETHER-MATRIX. The essence and basic stuff of the universe is light - the electromagnetic field - "pure" energy, initially with no bits in it. According to the alleged Big-Bang theory, the bits, matter, mass come a few micro-seconds later. This light exists in coherent patterns which persist for eons. Examine any sphere of any size in the universe and within that sphere you will "see" the entire universe, made visible by the cross hatching of waves of electromagnetic broadcasts: this broadcasting by all phenomena, of every size and energy level, is how we identify "things" and people. What is missing from your chosen viewing-sphere, are wavelengths too large to fit into the sphere. Apart from those, you can, with suitable instruments, examine the entire contents of the whole universe, in the comfort of your own sphere (e.g. The Earth or way out in the so called "void"). Every viewing sphere has a unique holographic image of the universe; unique due to variations in size and location. Inertia tells us that the patterns are robust and persistent, not ephemeral. You can re-visit any sphere, a thousand years later, and you will see pretty much the same universe. However, every energetic event, second by second, on every scale, changes the information in the universal field because the broadcasts in-form and re-form the energy field. We can analyse the newly in-formed and re-formed aether-matrix in our chosen sphere - and find it changed; for example by the coherent TV wireless signals from the latest episode of Coronation Street. These myriad holographic spheres of coherent and inertia-locked waves of the whole universe - are indisputable. Unless a reader can find somewhere in space where the universe is invisible.

2) HUBBLE-EXPANSION. I need the Aether-Matrix as a tangible, patterned, coherent field of electromagnetic energy - containing waves and lines of magnetic and electric force - because the first step after "pure" energy, I think may be caused by Hubble-Expansion (of the observable universe). The "light" energy is real, it is tangible, it carries information, it is some-thing not no-thing. It is this universal field that Hubble-Expansion (6.819E-19 percent/sec/sec) expands. No sphere in the Light field can become a vacuum. Compared to pre-existence (before the Big-Bang if you like) when there may have been no-thing, in the universe all zones are some-thing, not no-thing. Even the "vacuum of space" is everywhere cross hatched with the coherent, energetic and information-rich light field. Expansion of this field by Hubble Expansion, attenuates the field forces. The attenuation of any defined sphere is immediately filled or balanced by the field. This "in-falling" of electromagnetic energy - and by any bits of mass in the vicinity - is perhaps the underlying, very weak, constant precursor of gravity. It may also be the mechanism where quarks or the most fundamental particles are forged - whereby energy converts to matter, where straw is spun into gold. I have recently read that today not all cosmologists and physicists are convinced that Hubble -Expansion is proven - but it has been analysed and accepted as scientific fact for nearly a hundred years; so I'll leave it in here as a slight contribution to gravity; as a force that cannot be shielded.

3) CASIMIR-GRAVITY. The Casimir effect is well tested and confirmed. It seems an interesting but rather inconsequential fact of the universe - that between two very close, perfectly machined flat plates, long wavelengths (of electromagnetism) are excluded - while all the wavelengths act "outside" the plates; creating greater pressure outside than inside - and pushing (and/or pulling) the plates together. The analogy of two large ships side by side at sea very well illustrates the effect; the ships are pushed together (see below). It occurred to me that a large object, say The Sun, would also cast a wavelength "shadow" of some shape (curved space-time) in its vicinity; or at least would alter the pattern of the universal energy field, and could cause a Casimir effect. At the smallest scale of matter, I thought of tiny particles, initially drifting in the eddies of electromagnetic currents in the Aether-Matrix, perhaps drawn to a momentarily attenuated Hubble-Expansion sphere; meeting, and between them experiencing a Casimir effect - alongside their magnetic and nuclear forces. It was not a convincing image to explain why, in large masses, all the bits seem to want to reach the centre - the centre of gravity. And thus why we must measure gravity arithmetic, for, say, space flights, from the exact centres of planets and suns. But, start adding millions of bits and within this initially loose conglomeration, and the Casimir effect, the wavelength shadow or wave exclusion, increases. Outside the pressure is constant (waves of the whole universe) while inside the slowly forming loose mass, the pressure of waves is ever reducing. Here, it seems to me, is the ever tightening knot of gravity - ultimately creating a black-hole. The centre of gravity is constantly shifting as mass and energy in-fall onto the central mass.

Both the forces, of Hubble Expansion (see my EIG TOE) and the Casimir Effect, are very weak, barely detectable in small masses. Neither needs a further energetic sources or trigger. Neither can be shielded. The Casimir Effect grows with every addition to the mass - shielding the interior from long wavelengths. Both forces of in-falling energy/mass are dissipative (see previous notes). The three phenomena above - Light-Field, Hubble and Casimir are well attested and accepted by science.

CASIMIR 1909 - 2000

The above paragraphs are more coherent (information-rich?) and complete than my notes below. In writing them, I am becoming more convinced that they contain the seed of an expandable and eventually testable theory. Is the mystery of gravity about to be solved? Would it have cheered Casimir to know that he may have inspired a new trend in physics - and made him smile?

PREVIOUSLY:

http://sci-fi-future-fact-fiction.blogspot.co.uk/2013/01/fusion-gravity-and-inertia.html

GRAVITY WAVES - WHAT'S THE FUSS?

EIG - Expansion is Gravity

www.noelhodson.com/index_files/Life-Universe-Everything-8Mar2011.pdf

DISSIPATIVE PHENOMENA (2)

INDEX - HIGGS BOSON

INDEX - LIFE, UNIVERSE, EVERYTHING - JAN - DEC 201...

BRIAN COX AND TALES OF DOOM

http://www.noelhodson.com/index_files/Life-Universe-Everything-8Mar2011.pdf

GRAVITY AND IMMORTALITY

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First outline of Casimir-Gravity - notes:

7 NOV 14. CASIMIR-GRAVITY. I think the major part of gravity is due to the Casimir effect. I wrote out the logic of this an hour ago, on this blog, where I had several tabs open. I was asked to "quit" a tab - with no option to cancel - and my new text disappeared. Will the world ever see my conclusive theory on gravity?

...So - after a short rest; here it is again.

Casimir 1909-2000 noted that two totally flat plates brought together, stuck together. He introduced tiny studs between the plates and they continued to stick together. (The separation is very, very small - so don't try this at home).

The Dutch scientist, Casimir concluded that the glue was in fact the force of the universal electromagnetic field waves outside the plates being stronger than the waves between the plates. They were being pressed together by "light" waves because the tiny space between them excludes larger waves, thus there is more pressure outside, than inside.

In the above diagram, you can ignore the nonsense phrase "vacuum fluctuations", which comes from stubborn old physicists who still insist that the universe is mostly "empty" space. It isn't. Having realized that there is no such thing as empty space they dreamt up miraculous non-existent waves and particles that pop-in and pop-out of nothing. What they are really referring to is the basic stuff of the universe - the pure energy field of electromagnetism in which matter emerges. The waves are electromagnetic waves (and particles) that exert force in so called "empty" space. The waves are everywhere, at every scale, and their field is the universal energy, which is continually in-formed and re-formed by every energetic event in the universe - however large or small. It is the persistently coherent (inertia) broadcasts of all events that enables us to "see" phenomena - from sub-atomic particles, to each-other, to the observable-universe. Every-thing broadcasts it's identifiable existence:

This same Casimir effect can be seen acting between two large ships alongside each other at sea. The ocean waves outside the ships are far larger than the waves in the calm area between the ships. The pressure outside pushes the ships together, overcoming the weaker waves between the ships. Casimir Glue is in fact a force that pushes rather than pulls; although both forces occur.

Now add many millions more molecules or pieces; as they come together they exclude more light, creating interior darkness - smaller internal waves and less internal pressure. The pressure outside remains at full force. As new pieces of matter "fall" onto the conglomeration, the surface grows while the interior blocks more wavelengths - and darkness reigns internally. The deeper inside the material - the more waves are excluded - the more insistent the outside pressure seems.

If we anthropomorphise the process, it seems that all particles are willful creatures intent on getting to the centre (of gravity). The centre is constantly changing as the masses move and more matter "falls" on the surface. At a certain size of mass, matter and energy join the incessant "in falling"; the centre gets ever darker - and we enter the mathematics of Black Holes. Counter-intuitively, large masses, such as the Sun, which blaze into radiating light and heat, are in their centres very dark; excluding most wavelengths.

My realisation that gravity could or might be, mostly, Casimir forces, does not preclude the logic that the matter and energy that "falls" onto a planet, star, or galaxy is either matched by growth of the object or by an equal outflow. All material objects are dissipative phenomena.

Between large, well separated objects such as planets, the electromagnetic waves manifest equal pressure - and the objects stay separate for eons. But, for example the Sun, a massive object compared to its planets, does shield the planets' orbital areas from universal waves - and exercises a push-pull Casimir force. The other 3 fundamental forces almost certainly are woven into the congregrations of matter, and add to the cohesion - but those 3 can be shielded, whereas gravity cannot be shielded.

What this implies is that there are no gravitons and no gravity waves, other than the familiar electromagnetic /light waves - which is the basic stuff or pure energy of the universe.

My previous essay, lost in Google space, was more elegant - but this will have to do for now. I think it is shaping up to be THE answer to many of gravity's mysteries. But - I would say that, wouldn't I.

DOES CASIMIR-GRAVITY MEET THE CRITERIA?

1) Newton's laws - including force diminishes by the square of the distance. There is no reason why these rules would not apply. Casimir-Gravity may show how this happens. 1a) Force acts from centre to centre of planets etc - This is what triggered my attention to Casimir - why do all the particles seem intent on getting to the centre? The cloaking effect inside as pieces of matter aggregate, and the constant external, universal pressure outside, will act like an ever self-tightening knot. The centre will become ever denser. It has always baffled me why all the bits make for the centre instead of loosely holding hands in a lattice - Casimir cloaking provides a mechanism - I think.

2) Curved Space-Time - I touch on curved light above. I think this theory can explain Einstein's construct - in due course. More on this.

3) The smaller the particles of matter, the more homogenous and equal will be the the "sea" of electromagnetic waves around and between the particles - reducing the attraction between them.

4) This Casimir-Gravity force cannot be shielded. It is the shielding of electromagnetic waves that manifests the force.

(I am (still) sneezing & coughing badly this morning - my usual November reaction to the onset of winter. So will take a break and return to this in a day or so. More to follow).

More on Gravity 4 – 26 Apr 14.

Saturday, 26 April 2014

GRAVITY - IS IT AS SIMPLE AS CASIMIR?

7 NOV 14 - I think the major part of gravity is due to the Casimir effect. I wrote out the logic of this an hour ago, on this blog, where I had several tabs open. I was asked to "quit" a tab - with no option to cancel - and my new text disappeared. Will the world ever see my conclusive theory on gravity?

...So - after a short rest; here it is again.

Casimir noted that two totally flat plates brought together, stuck together. He introduced tiny studs between the plates and they continued to stick together. (The separation is very, very small - so don't try this at home). Casimir concluded that the glue was in fact the force of the universal electromagnetic field waves outside the plates being stronger than the waves between the plates. They were being pressed together by "light" waves because the tiny space between them excludes larger waves, thus there is more pressure outside, than inside.

This same effect can be seen acting between two large ships alongside each other at sea. The ocean waves outside the ships are far larger than the waves in the calm area between the ships. The pressure outside pushes the ships together, overcoming the weaker waves between the ships. Casimir Glue is in fact a force that pushes rather than pulls; although both forces occur.

If we take two pieces of matter, say hydrogen or carbon molecules, drifting in space, the pressure of electromagnetic light waves acts on them equally. But when they drift close to each other, the Casimir effect acts to exclude long /large wavelengths between them, reducing the separating forces. They are pushed together by the universal "outside" waves.

Now add many millions more molecules or pieces; as they come together they exclude more light, creating interior darkness - and less internal pressure. The pressure outside remains at full force. As new pieces of matter "fall" onto the conglomeration, the surface grows while the interior blocks more wavelengths - and darkness reigns internally. The deeper inside the material - the more waves are excluded - the more insistent the outside pressure seems.

Around such large shining stars, both particles and energy waves are pressed and pulled to the surface by the Casimir forces and we observe light "bending" close to the objects. This is Einstein's curved space-time.

My realisation that gravity could or might be, mostly, Casimir forces, does not preclude the logic that the matter and energy that "falls" onto a planet, star, or galaxy is either matched by growth of the object or by an equal outflow. All material objects are dissipative phenomena.

Between large, well separated objects such as planets, the electromagnetic waves manifest equal pressure - and the objects stay separate for eons. But, for example the Sun, a massive object compared to its planets, does shield the planets' orbital areas from universal waves - and exercises a push-pull Casimir force.

What this implies is that there are no gravitons and no gravity waves, other than the familiar electromagnetic /light waves - which is the basic stuff or pure energy of the universe.

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4 NOV 14 - ELECTRON SPIN - My EIG TOE presumes that light rushes "in" to partially evacuated spheres which are being expanded by Hubble Expansion, which is attenuating the basic stuff of the universe, requiring energy (light) to move in (at the speed of light) to balance the momentary partial void created by Hubble Expansion. I speculate that the light moves in from all directions; that some in-falling light waves sometimes collide in the attenuated sphere; that the collisions sometimes are at such wavelengths and angles to create a spinning vortex; that the vortex is a primary particle - perhaps a quark; that there is no-thing to inhibit the spin of the vortex; and that two colliding light waves meeting in a frictionless medium multiply their momentums to spin at C2 (the speed of light squared) 300,000 x 300,000 km per second = 90 billion km per second; that this immense, forbidden speed creates a surface and a particle with mass within the surface; E=MC2. Thus are primary particles or fractals with mass formed from pure massless energy. They do spin straw into gold.

HOWEVER - investigating the Spin of electrons and other sub-atomic particles, the obscure 1, 1/2, 1/3 or 2/3 "spin" which rarely specify any units, I read that it is not a "real" spin and is not intended to convey any real properties of real particles. BUT, digging down into less obscurantist, less reverent and more radical websites,

e.g. http://www.relativitydomains.com/Physics/MechSpin/QuantSpin.htm

I see that to account for its electro-magnetic charge the electron must have a real spin, like a spinning top, of 1.117967846C or 1.1 times the speed of light.

This is then taken as a standard - ascribed as 1/2 spin, implying that 1 spin is 2.2 times the speed of light. BUT, all physicists know that nothing exceeds the speed of light - so the measured spinning electron is said to be measured incorrectly and cannot be spinning at 2.2 times light speed. This must be one of the rare instances when oft repeated observational data is deemed to be less reliable than man-made mathematical rules. If a dot painted on the equator of an electron passes by at 1.1C - then the rule that nothing moves faster than light is, in these particular, peculiar spinning circumstances, not applicable.

It is fundamentally important because if primary particles /quarks are spinning vortices of the basic stuff or energy of the universe, like whirlwinds and typhoons, then such spinning entities can be UP or DOWN and can attract or repel each other depending on orientation. They are too small and fundamental for any other particle to disturb their spin - except disturbance by another of their kind. The real spin creates the familiar electro-magnetic properties; the necessary constant winding in of "free, pure" energy creates an endless in-falling akin to gravity (the in-falling energy being balanced dissipatively by the outgoing magnetic field); and these vortices can combine to manifest the other sub-atomic forces - and to form stable long lived protons. It is written (by Paul Davies) that quarks are never found alone, outside of protons and neutrons, Maybe, if they are not in combinations of say, 2 UP and 1 DOWN or vice-versa, these vortices of pure energy unwind and disappear from our sight.

NB - Space or space-time is never empty, it is never no-thing; it is always some-thing. No-thing may have existed before the alleged Big-Bang. Bring back the Aether!

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NB - 31 JULY 14 - Is gravity the ability to compress energy (& gain & retain identity)? Continuing the dissipative phenomena idea - does the continuous inflow, the falling in, of mass/ energy equate to the faint tug of gravity? Matter somehow emerges from "pure" energy (light) and makes particles - which fall onto or into each other (gravity) and form objects. These objects, every-thing in the universe, by definition are identifiable, they have identity - and thus we can name and study them. To have identity they presumably form following rules, patterns, templates. To maintain an identifiable shape and size (even if size changes) the inflow must be balanced by an equivalent measurable storage and/or outflow - as in humans - or stars - or trees. Given the extraordinary example below of a bacteria "eating" electrons, is that eating/ absorbing process the basis of gravity? If so - there is nothing "dead" in our universe of identifiable things; all are busy eating or being eaten - at a rate which defines their gravity? Maybe?

UPDATE 30 JULY 2014

ELECTRON BACTERIA

This article below, copied (my apologies) from the excellent New Scientist magazine, of 16 July 2014, interests me. It seems very important to my musings about Life, The Universe & Everything in general, and to puzzling over Gravity in particular. The link to gravity is via my thought that all phenomena are dissipative entities. We humans and everything that manifests in the universe, absorb energy and excrete it, over our very short (humans) or very long (protons) lifetimes. In the process everything retains identity, though changes occur throughout their lives. It seems that matter that manifests gravity may have energy and mass "falling" into it continuously. If so, to maintain identity, the mass that falls in must be expelled equivalently.

I am also fascinated by the idea of templates, which order the energy into the shape and identity of the phenomena. Human templates have been tracked back to DNA, but non-living (as defined by us) objects also form into predictable shapes - and sizes; while the dissipative processes continue. The Sun is such an object - which inarguably has gravity and which is probably continually dissipative. Is gravity the same force as absorption? These electron "eating" bacteria absorb energy which we can measure in electrons - are they mini-Suns? Could we measure their gravitational attraction? Would it match the mass of the consumed electrons?

More information on these immaterial bacteria and more pondering required.

http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn25894-meet-the-electric-life-forms-that-live-on-pure-energy.html#.U8kpupRdXh4

Meet the electric life forms that live on pure energy

· 17:08 16 July 2014 by Catherine Brahic

· Magazine issue 2978. Subscribe and save

· For similar stories, visit the Micro-organisms Topic Guide

Unlike any other life on Earth, these extraordinary bacteria use energy in its purest form – they eat and breathe electrons – and they are everywhere

STICK an electrode in the ground, pump electrons down it, and they will come: living cells that eat electricity. We have known bacteria to survive on a variety of energy sources, but none as weird as this. Think of Frankenstein's monster, brought to life by galvanic energy, except these "electric bacteria" are very real and are popping up all over the place.

Unlike any other living thing on Earth, electric bacteria use energy in its purest form – naked electricity in the shape of electrons harvested from rocks and metals. We already knew about two types, Shewanella and Geobacter. Now, biologists are showing that they can entice many more out of rocks and marine mud by tempting them with a bit of electrical juice. Experiments growing bacteria on battery electrodes demonstrate that these novel, mind-boggling forms of life are essentially eating and excreting electricity.

That should not come as a complete surprise, says Kenneth Nealson at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles. We know that life, when you boil it right down, is a flow of electrons: "You eat sugars that have excess electrons, and you breathe in oxygen that willingly takes them." Our cells break down the sugars, and the electrons flow through them in a complex set of chemical reactions until they are passed on to electron-hungry oxygen.

In the process, cells make ATP, a molecule that acts as an energy storage unit for almost all living things. Moving electrons around is a key part of making ATP. "Life's very clever," says Nealson. "It figures out how to suck electrons out of everything we eat and keep them under control." In most living things, the body packages the electrons up into molecules that can safely carry them through the cells until they are dumped on to oxygen.

"That's the way we make all our energy and it's the same for every organism on this planet," says Nealson. "Electrons must flow in order for energy to be gained. This is why when someone suffocates another person they are dead within minutes. You have stopped the supply of oxygen, so the electrons can no longer flow."

The discovery of electric bacteria shows that some very basic forms of life can do away with sugary middlemen and handle the energy in its purest form – electrons, harvested from the surface of minerals. "It is truly foreign, you know," says Nealson. "In a sense, alien."

Nealson's team is one of a handful that is now growing these bacteria directly on electrodes, keeping them alive with electricity and nothing else – neither sugars nor any other kind of nutrient. The highly dangerous equivalent in humans, he says, would be for us to power up by shoving our fingers in a DC electrical socket.

To grow these bacteria, the team collects sediment from the seabed, brings it back to the lab, and inserts electrodes into it.

First they measure the natural voltage across the sediment, before applying a slightly different one. A slightly higher voltage offers an excess of electrons; a slightly lower voltage means the electrode will readily accept electrons from anything willing to pass them off. Bugs in the sediments can either "eat" electrons from the higher voltage, or "breathe" electrons on to the lower-voltage electrode, generating a current. That current is picked up by the researchers as a signal of the type of life they have captured.

"Basically, the idea is to take sediment, stick electrodes inside and then ask 'OK, who likes this?'," says Nealson.

Shocking breath

At the Goldschmidt geoscience conference in Sacramento, California, last month, Shiue-lin Li of Nealson's lab presented results of experiments growing electricity breathers in sediment collected from Santa Catalina harbour in California. Yamini Jangir, also from the University of Southern California, presented separate experiments which grew electricity breathers collected from a well in Death Valley in the Mojave Desert in California.

Over at the University of Minnesota in St Paul, Daniel Bond and his colleagues have published experiments showing that they could grow a type of bacteria that harvested electrons from an iron electrode (mBio, doi.org/tqg). That research, says Jangir's supervisor Moh El-Naggar, may be the most convincing example we have so far of electricity eaters grown on a supply of electrons with no added food.

But Nealson says there is much more to come. His PhD student Annette Rowe has identified up to eight different kinds of bacteria that consume electricity. Those results are being submitted for publication.

Nealson is particularly excited that Rowe has found so many types of electric bacteria, all very different to one another, and none of them anything likeShewanella or Geobacter. "This is huge. What it means is that there's a whole part of the microbial world that we don't know about."

Discovering this hidden biosphere is precisely why Jangir and El-Naggar want to cultivate electric bacteria. "We're using electrodes to mimic their interactions," says El-Naggar. "Culturing the 'unculturables', if you will." The researchers plan to install a battery inside a gold mine in South Dakota to see what they can find living down there.

Read full article

Continue reading page |1|2

NASA is also interested in things that live deep underground because such organisms often survive on very little energy and they may suggest modes of life in other parts of the solar system.

Electric bacteria could have practical uses here on Earth, however, such as creating biomachines that do useful things like clean up sewage or contaminated groundwater while drawing their own power from their surroundings. Nealson calls them self-powered useful devices, or SPUDs.

Practicality aside, another exciting prospect is to use electric bacteria to probe fundamental questions about life, such as what is the bare minimum of energy needed to maintain life.

For that we need the next stage of experiments, says Yuri Gorby, a microbiologist at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York: bacteria should be grown not on a single electrode but between two. These bacteria would effectively eat electrons from one electrode, use them as a source of energy, and discard them on to the other electrode.

Gorby believes bacterial cells that both eat and breathe electrons will soon be discovered. "An electric bacterium grown between two electrodes could maintain itself virtually forever," says Gorby. "If nothing is going to eat it or destroy it then, theoretically, we should be able to maintain that organism indefinitely."

It may also be possible to vary the voltage applied to the electrodes, putting the energetic squeeze on cells to the point at which they are just doing the absolute minimum to stay alive. In this state, the cells may not be able to reproduce or grow, but they would still be able to run repairs on cell machinery. "For them, the work that energy does would be maintaining life – maintaining viability," says Gorby.

How much juice do you need to keep a living electric bacterium going? Answer that question, and you've answered one of the most fundamental existential questions there is.

This article appeared in print under the headline "The electricity eaters"

Leader: "Spark of life revisited thanks to electric bacteria"

Wire in the mud

Electric bacteria come in all shapes and sizes. A few years ago, biologists discovered that some produce hair-like filaments that act as wires, ferrying electrons back and forth between the cells and their wider environment. They dubbed them microbial nanowires.

Lars Peter Nielsen and his colleagues at Aarhus University in Denmark have found that tens of thousands of electric bacteria can join together to form daisy chains that carry electrons over several centimetres – a huge distance for a bacterium only 3 or 4 micrometres long. It means that bacteria living in, say, seabed mud where no oxygen penetrates, can access oxygen dissolved in the seawater simply by holding hands with their friends.

Such bacteria are showing up everywhere we look, says Nielsen. One way to find out if you're in the presence of these electron munchers is to put clumps of dirt in a shallow dish full of water, and gently swirl it. The dirt should fall apart. If it doesn't, it's likely that cables made of bacteria are holding it together.

Nielsen can spot the glimmer of the cables when he pulls soil apart and holds it up to sunlight (see video).

Flexible biocables

It's more than just a bit of fun. Early work shows that such cables conduct electricity about as well as the wires that connect your toaster to the mains. That could open up interesting research avenues involving flexible, lab-grown biocables.

UPDATE 8 JULY 2014.

My holiday reading: Both these books claim to have found a new Standard Model and the fundamental building blocks of the universe:

In THE SPEED OF MASS - A new look at relativity - Philip J Morgan claims to create a new Standard Model and says among his other ideas that (7) Gravity is the same as the electromagnetic force that holds an electron around the nucleus of an atom; it is not caused by the bending of space time. (8) Black holes far from being the mass eating monsters of current theory are the mothers of galaxies. Galaxies are formed from vacuum fluctuations in pairs of matter and anti-matter galaxies (9) I paraphrase - Hubble expansion is actually galaxies shrinking as they lose mass, thus increasing the distance between them. I had great difficulty following the author's logic and in dealing with the lack of punctuation.

In EVERYTHING IS PHYSICS - Book 3 - Particle physics and the quarks revealed - the author Dr Andrew Worsley, Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, is lyrical about the beauty, elegance, obviousness and natural symmetry of the mathematics underlying the aesthetic universe and particle physics. He lifts "the shrouds of mystery" which surrounds his subjects, by taking us back to "first principles" and by positing a fundamental unit /particle that is 100 billion billion times smaller than Planck's smallest unit. Dr Worsley then multiplies this tiniest of units by a "harmonic quintessence" of the speed of light - and with clear mathematical logic, printed throughout the book, he shows that all phenomena are built with these tiniest of units, dubbed "Quintessential Mass Quantum". Sadly, my maths is not up to the standard required to assess his workings, but I soldiered on through the book which I found quite readable and it has some neat histories of physics - including of quarks - with interesting quotations and anecdotes. He links his harmonics and quintessence to musical scales and hence to String Theory (which he sees as failing). All is focused on the electron as the central and primary particle - from which all other matter is made or derived (I think). All is harmonics and wavelengths. Although unable to follow his arguments I quite liked the idea of his tiny Quintessential Mass Quantum, which at times seem to be behaving like the fundamental particles that I speculate about in my EIG concept, where colliding light waves spin into vortexes to form matter - perhaps quarks. He devotes chapter 8, Vortex Harmonics, to this topic. It would help, as it is the foundation of the book, if I knew what a "harmonic quintessence of the speed of light" means.

I was not able to comprehend either of these two radical books sufficiently to amend my own theory. I might re-visit some paragraphs in Dr Worlsey's well informed, wide ranging work.

***********

UPDATE - 29 May 2014. - "THE HIGGS FIELD DOES NOT CREATE GRAVITY"

Picking the bones out of the Royal Society, Pall Mall, UK - Lecture 20th May 2014 - Professors Ben Allanach, John Ellis, Tara Shears, Terry Watts - Chairman Alok Jha.

Reply 21 May - Dear Noel

Thanks a lot, and we're really glad you enjoyed the event last night. I've tried to answer your questions briefly below.

Q1 - I assume that Higgs Bosons do not exist today and only existed briefly just after The Big Bang?

Yes

Q2 - So there were no Higgs Bosons (snowflakes) with us in the hall last night?

Basically no, only insofar as they are popping in and out of the "seething vacuum"

Q3 - But the Higgs Field (snowfield) did and does suffuse the hall and the entire universe - somewhat like the CMB?

Yes.

About F4 below:

Strictly, it's going up from 8 thousand billion electronvolts to 14 thousand billion... so not quite a doubling (but roughly)

All the best,

Ben

What I thought I heard last night that was new to me was:

F1). The colliding protons impact at about 280,00 kps

F2). Vacuum quantum fluctuations might add mass to the CERN-made Higgs Bosons (and other particles).

F3). The LHC has collected only 1% of the available (now or in the near future) data.
F4). You are doubling the power of CERN.

F5). Proposed - Super symmetric particles probably decay into dark matter.

F6). The Higgs Field does not create gravity.

F7). Dark Matter and Dark Energy most probably do exist.

F8). The Higgs field adds mass only to the force carrier particles. Human mass includes a "fingernail-full" of Higgs-enhanced particles.

F9). An uneasy cooperative symbiotic truce exists between airy theorists and solid engineers.

You most probably know of the Imperial College 2014 plan to collide high power lasers to create matter - electrons and positrons; originally postulated in 1934? For me this could resurrect that great free radical, Professor Fred Hoyle and his Steady State Theory.

· MORE ON GRAVITY - 4

In the early 90's I met (now Sir) Tim Berners Lee on the Oxford-Heathrow bus and he told me of his hyper-links project at CERN.

Finally - do you take turns to pedal the CERN dynamos to power the LHC?

Thank you again for a most illuminating, stimulating and enjoyable lecture.

Regards

Noel Hodson

MORE ON GRAVITY - 4

UPDATE - 19 May 2014. WOW! - HOW ON EARTH DID I MISS THIS VITAL EIG MATTER? - in 1934 Gregory Breit and John Wheeler worked out that photons could collide with sufficient energy to make electron-positron pairs, which have mass and are therefore matter. In 1997 the idea was tested using powerful lasers at the Stanford Linear Accelerator, albeit including a massive beam of electrons from "outside" the creation zone that collided with "green laser light" and changed its nature. And this year it is being re-tested at Imperial College, London by a team led by Oliver Pike, using very much more powerful colliding lasers - and a speck of prepared gold - called a Huhlraun (German for empty space). It seems that a Huhlraun is a man-made tiny tube or perhaps a sphere, with a tiny opening that focuses the beam/s. Such devices were used in the first A-Bombs to direct the initial forces that triggered the secondary stage/s. This gives a mechanism for my EIG colliding photons (which I was not previously aware of) that in turn make primary particles - fractals of matter - spinning straw into gold - that form quarks - that form protons and neutrons - that form stable atoms. EIG - Expansion is Gravity

If photons can be spun into electrons-positrons, it begs the question "are electrons material? do they have mass?" It seems that science is unanimous in agreeing that electrons have mass and are particles and emit waves of energy - electrons are wavicles. This modest,anonymous scientific commentator, argues that quarks are not merely constructed from electrons-positrons but indeed are electron-positrons - and make protons. He speculates that his construct explains the missing mass-energy from protons and neutrons. Protons are the solid building blocks of atoms that have a lifetime far longer than we think and calculate (by winding back Hubble Expansion) that the universe has existed. In human terms we can regard protons as (almost) immortal spheres-waves of matter. It would seem, as I have long puzzled over and suspected - that electrons are photons within matter. Release electrons from the grip of matter and they fly off as photons (or propagate at the "speed" of light).

And what about the disgraced, despised, silenced, gagged theories of the Electric Universe? Coming round full circle to gravity, at the macro level - in our search for the theory of gravity; it is calculated from astronomical observations and measurements that galaxies are missing 80% to 90% of the mass /gravity required to hold them together. And we do not of course know what causes gravity or how it is transmitted. Is it indeed, an unshielded aspect of the electrical forces that we know so well - and which the bound, gagged and expelled scientists who dare raise the possibility that weak and feeble gravity is a minor factor in creating galaxies etc. compared to electromagnetic forces.

And wherefore The Impenetrable Higgs Boson? Isn't it dubbed the God Particle that "confers mass" onto particles? More explanation please Professor Higgs.

And what does this imply for Hoyle's Steady State Theory? For his idea that particles are constantly created in the vast empty vacuums of space? Can we revive Fred Hoyle from his premature sleep and ask him to comment? Did the Big Bang really bang?

Any road up - you can imagine how pleased I am as a non-scientist observer of science to find that one of my central speculations - how to spin straw into gold - to compress energy into matter has since 1935 been on the respectable scientific agenda and been demonstrated by applying one of our new fangled inventions - lasers (once called a technology looking for an application). Having been ignorant of these 80 year old developments, in spite of looking diligently for such information, my suggestion to scientists is do more for "intelligent cooperation".

**************

UPDATE - 17 May 2014. BOOM! - New Scientist 17 May 2014 "There at the birth" ...of the Big Bang Theory - Jim Peebles recounts witnessing the formation of the Big Bang Theory from 1964. It eventually replaced Fred Hoyle's Steady State Theory - demonstrating a single point of matter creation (a single White Hole) and energy dispersal instead of Hoyle's idea that particles of matter are created in the voids in all locations at all times - in a Hubble expanding universe. The Big Bang Theory - supplemented by the necessary theory of "Inflation" was largely driven by the discovery of the ubiquitous Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) at 2 degrees Kelvin (2 degrees above absolute zero - minus 232 degrees Celsius - TV screen snow).

Although not crucial either way - Big Bang or Steady State Continual Creation - to my EIG theory, my suspicious, doubting and cynical nature which was triggered aged 6 by resisting illogical but infallible Catholic indoctrination, still leaves room for Hoyle and questions The Big Bang (with Inflation). Perhaps when science finds a sense of direction pointing to The Universal Center, whence the Big Bang emerged, I will be more believing of the impenetrable, reverse engineered Big Bang mathematics and be able to join the One True Faith. Until then - we should keep open minds.

If, as in my EIG, the universal essence suffusing all space-time is the Aether-Matrix - holographic spheres at every point, scale and location that mirror the entire universe (intersecting light-waves reflecting the whole universe wherever we place an eye or an observing instrument), then the Aether-Matrix would also glow with a background temperature. Philosophers of science, like 1950's Jesuits, "must work harder" to prove they are infallible.

*******

More thoughts in the endless search for the causes of gravity. I've been reading GRAVITY by Brian Clegg, 2012 (links below), a book for non-scientists which I can almost completely follow - with an unaccustomed stretch of my concentration.

(Previous article in this series GRAVITY WAVES - WHAT'S THE FUSS? )

In GRAVITY, an excellent book, Brian Clegg mentions in Chapter 2, only to dismiss, Mark McCutcheon, The Final Theory: Re-Thinking Our Scientific Legacy, (see Notes) in which Mark apparently bases gravity on the expansion of matter. Not having access to that book, I assume from Clegg's brief comments that Mark's idea is that surfaces of matter, such as the Earth's surface, accelerate "upwards" due to expansion, which silly Earth creatures such as ourselves feel as gravity - and that the same is true for all matter, however large or small. A few calculations, even at my low level of teenage school arithmetic, show the theory to be impractical and such effect wholly detectable, if Earth were expanding and accelerating at 32 feet (say 10 meters) per second - per second.

I stress that my EIG - Expansion is Gravity, is quite a different concept to what I suppose is Mark's theory. EIG proposes that Hubble expansion expands space-time or "pure energy" the basic fabric of the observable universe, at

6.819E-19 percent(0.000,000,000,000,000,000,068,19%),

of any specified sphere, per second per second: which is a minuscule rate of change, more fitting for the observed subtle power of gravity. This is the rate at which the Hubble Universe expands. My EIG idea dates from 1992 and has been disseminated via the internet since 1998. It is this tiny, persistent, universal attenuation of space-time that I imagine "attracts" energy - light - to balance the energy field; everywhere, perpetually, on every scale, which causes gravity and creates fundamental particles of matter (maybe quarks).

Brian Clegg also comments (Page 95) on a question I put to a senior physicist a couple of years ago "If I dug a vacuumed tunnel from North Pole to South Pole on the Moon and jumped down it; what would occur? When would I turn to go up instead of down?" and Clegg gives the same professorial answer, but applied to the Earth; a sort of bungee rope see-saw oscillation would happen, until minor frictions brought me to a halt. On reflection, Clegg's answer triggers other questions. As I fall down towards the center of the planet, the mass of the planet would relatively move around me; at the center - the bottom, there would be far more mass "above" me than immediately below. In falling, would not the gravity of the mass around me pull me back up - be a brake on my plummeting to the center?

Is THE CENTER, from and to which all Newtonian gravity is calculated, actually the center of gravity? Surely not - the center of gravity, any center of gravity, must eternally oscillate; the moment it is located, it will attract matter or energy which will move towards it, which movement will re-locate the center of gravity - ad-infinitum. Its easier to envisage the effect in the molten center of the Earth. In our turbulent, cycling Solar System, all centers of gravity of all things must perpetually oscillate - creating additional energy /mass and tidal forces, on all scales, at all points.

This unavoidable oscillation of centers of gravity at the heart of every mass, of any size, mirrors, perhaps, the unstoppable sub-atomic quivering at Absolute Zero (-273 Centigrade) which otherwise freezes atoms and all matter, in its tracks.

On page 150, Brian Clegg kindly explains to me (at last - and about time too) why non-scientists find "simple and beautiful" maths formulas impossible. Quite simply the authors never cite the units of anything - and behind, say (x-y = x+abc) lie vast sheets of hidden calculations that underlie the 'x' and the 'y' etc. The academic purpose, I assume, is pure bloody-minded obscurantism. I once wrote to Oxford's top maths professor, Marcus du Sautoy, suggesting a common global maths alphabet and dictionary to make formulas accessible to say, 5 billion people, instead of today's handful of, often mad, specialists; would get all unresolved maths problems solved in a week - or so.

Clegg clearly explains and illuminates Special Relativity with new metaphors and similes - and introduces, to me, gravitomagnetism (What's that? Read the book) and explains Frame Dragging. He also corrects my understanding of the weak nuclear force, which I imagined I knew holds the electrons/cloud in orbit; it transpires that the weak nuclear force acts on sub-atomic particles to keep them a fraction of the diameter of a proton apart - and - is the trigger that flips quarks inside protons to convert protons to neutrons. Clegg also reminds me throughout that it is NOT Space that is distorted by mass to 'make' gravity - but Space-Time. Movements in any of these 4 space-time dimensions can trigger mass moving towards mass - and all things are moving through Time.

In all - GRAVITY is an accessible book which brings for me several new factors - in the hunt for gravity. Well worth the risibly low price for such a useful and scholarly work. It does not yet cause me to reach for my EIG Theory and amend it.

****************

THE UNIVERSE IS ONLY SPACETIME by John Archibald Wheeler.

The next paper I read is of a different order. The Universe is Only Space Time - by John Archibald Wheeler (2012) races along the extreme outer edge of my ability to follow the logic. Wheeler sprinkles his dense, taut text with mathematics, which helpfully do state the units of measure and which he explains in English words - and which therefore with great effort I can just about grasp, at least sufficiently to not lose track of his arguments.

This challenging paper might give me cause to revise and update EIG. Excitingly - if I interpret it accurately - Wheeler produces arguments in favor of what I call the Aether-Matrix; harking back two centuries to when science decided that space must be a medium that carries light. The Aether was abandoned finally when it was misreported that Einstein said it didn't exist. What he actually said was that he didn't need the Aether for his calculations. We now summon it back from the past for another incarnation.

My EIG supposes that the Aether-Matrix is formed by the intersecting of all the light signals (electromagnetic waves) from all phenomena from the whole observable universe, which are visible to observers on every scale at all points in the universe and which are dynamically informed and reformed by every event in the universe. It is these undeniably present energy waves and fields that collide in Hubble attenuated spaces /spheres to form fundamental primary particles (Spin straw into gold / Higgs Boson ). We humans, ephemeral creatures of light, existing for a meagre three score years and ten, broadcast our every movement and thought into the Aether-Matrix and thus constantly re-form it. The data thus created, a record of everything, and holographically reproduced across the entire universe on every scale, may hold the data-dense templates that inform delicate complex structures such as DNA.

Wheeler calculates the "stiffness" of such a medium and compares the energy content of space-time (energy density of a vacuum) when calculated from the Quantum Electrodynamics theories (particle physics) or from General Relativity (astrophysics). He finds that answers from the two systems differ by 10E+122 (1 followed by 122 zeros) joules per cubic meter - an unimaginably enormous number. (Read the Book)

This, I think, and the first time I have heard the detail of it, is the heart of the irreconcilable disparity between the brilliant and wholly tested and proven Standard Model (of atoms etc) and the equally brilliant, wholly observed theories of cosmology /astrophysics. It is hoped that coming to understand gravity and its equally mysterious partner, inertia (centers of gravity?), will bridge the two sets of theories and enable science to figure out a TOE - a Theory of Everything.

I will re-read both these texts and think on it. More, later. In the meantime - we have here sketched out Oscillating-Centers-of-Gravity, which might prove to be important. I must also read Stuart Clarke in New Scientist 26 April 14 - Page 32, "The end of the beginning"...

...Done that. Stuart Clark further explains what the BICEP2 Polar instruments data might mean for "Gravity Waves" and he raises more doubts about the basis assumptions. Did the Big Bang happen? If so - when? Do gravity waves exist?

My EIG ascribes gravity to attenuation of the stuff of the universe due to constant Hubble expansion, which in turn allows or enables or attracts light to fill the attenuated spheres. As such, science should be searching for the absence of something, not for ghostly waves and "carrier" particles labelled "gravitons". Though such partially evacuated spheres would perhaps draw universal energy inwards, in waves. EIG also sketches explanations for Dark Matter and Dark Energy. Three for the price of one. Buy now to avoid disappointment.

I will revisit this blog after re-reading the books below.

**************
LINKS

www.noelhodson.com/index_files/Life-Universe-Everything-8Mar2011.pdf

http://onlyspacetime.com/Chapter_4.pdf

INDEX - LIFE, UNIVERSE, EVERYTHING - JAN13
FUSION, GRAVITY, INERTIA, LIFEFORCE.
DISSIPATIVE PHENOMENA (2)
INDEX - HIGGS BOSON
INDEX - LIFE, UNIVERSE, EVERYTHING - JAN - DEC 201...
BRIAN COX AND TALES OF DOOM
FUSION, GRAVITY, INERTIA, LIFEFORCE.
GRAVITY AND IMMORTALITY

GRAVITY - by Brian Clegg http://www.brianclegg.net/gravity.html
Everything we know is governed by four physical forces, but there is only one of them that is immediately obvious - gravity. Although ludicrously weak compared to the other forces (a tiny magnet can hold up a piece of metal against the gravitational attraction of the whole Earth), gravity permeates our everyday life and being. We begin with humanity's earliest ideas of how we remain stuck to the ground - a significant consideration when you realize that despite the myths, educated people have known the Earth was a sphere since the time of the Ancient Greeks.

Along the way we'll see how the Arabic scholars explained the force of gravity, why Galileo didn't need to drop balls off the tower of Pisa, exactly how Newton came to his conclusions and why he refused to 'frame hypotheses' about gravity.

We will explore the concept of action at a distance, and see how Einstein transformed our understanding of gravitation with general relativity and consider whether the graviton will ever be discovered. We will see how birds, bees and rockets seem to defy gravity, and whether the concept of anti-gravity can move from pure science fiction to possible fact.

Gravity never fails to fascinate...

*******************************

john@onlyspacetime.com John Archibald Wheeler 2012.

"If spacetime can propagate waves such as gravitational waves or dipole waves, it implies that

spacetime must have elasticity. This elasticity requires the ability to store and return energy as

the wave propagates. The medium itself must have energy density. The quantum mechanical

model of space is filled with a sea of energetic fluctuations dipole waves. If these are

visualized as energetic waves in spacetime, then a new wave can be visualized as compressing

and expanding these pre-existing waves. If this new wave causes the pre-existing waves to

slightly change their frequency and dimensions as they are being compressed and expanded,

then this picture provides the necessary elasticity and energy storage to spacetime. "

"This book proposes a quantum mechanical model of spacetime where the energy density of

dipole waves in spacetime is 10 to the power of 113 J/m3 and the implied pressure is 10 to the power of 113 N/m2. Therefore the picture that emerges is that the quantum mechanical model of spacetime not only has a tremendous energy density, but it also is capable of exerting any pressure up to Planck pressure of about 10 to the power of 113 N/m3. If the pressure is unequal on opposite sides of an object, then this unequal pressure would be considered a force. Furthermore, this force could be considered either an attractive or repulsive force depending on the direction of the object “causing” the mysterious force. Later in this chapter it will be shown that the maximum pressure that spacetime can exert for a particular size object is the limiting factor

for the size radius of a black hole. Also, all fundamental particles will be shown to possess energy density

and pressure that is stabilized by an interaction with the energy density and pressure of the

dipole waves in spacetime. "

john@onlyspacetime.com John Archibald Wheeler 2012.

Posted by Noel Hodson at 05:48 No comments:

Fusion, Gravity, Inertia, Lifeforce 21 Jan 2013.

Monday, 21 January 2013

FUSION, GRAVITY, INERTIA, LIFEFORCE.

ISAAC NEWTON AND HIS APPLE.
GRAVITY CALCULATIONS USE "THE NEWTON"
AS A UNIT - WHICH IS THE WEIGHT OF A SMALL APPLE.

Listening last week to a brilliant young physicist, who is working to bring us unlimited clean energy from atomic nuclear fusion at Culham Laboratories, UK, struggling on an annual budget of just a few hundred million dollars; I learned that his team uses electricity to heat a fissionable, or fusion-able, element to 10 million degrees, which forms a plasma hotter than the centre of the Sun, which they capture in a magnetic “bottle”. The powerful magnetic fields of the bottle retain the very slippery few grams of hot plasma for a few minutes before it “leaks” away, while 50% of the energy used to make the plasma is now, triumphantly, recovered in useful form – to heat water – to drive turbines – to make electricity – to energise our society. One day in the future, fusion power will be contained, controlled and channelled; and all our energy problems will be solved.

ALSO READ - GRAVITY MASS HIGGS AND BABIES

How? I asked …does the Sun, a fusion star, make and maintain its scaldingly hot plasma? – The Sun, I was told, is rather good at holding in the energy. I assumed it does so by applying Gravity. Which brings me back to asking myself – What the devil is Gravity?

PS - 16 May 2013 - This horizontal gravity has implications for my earlier question, "why does all matter crowd to the centre of any object, planet or star?" And, "what happens to me if I jump into a hole dug through, say the inert Moon, from north to south poles?" Horizontal mass such as the polar ice will affect such a fall /climb. Answers on a postcard please. http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17134-flood-risk-from-antarctic-ice-overestimated.html

New science upsets calculations on sea level rise, climate change ...

1. www.theregister.co.uk/2012/.../sea_levels_new_science_climate_change/

Nov 28, 2012 – New science upsets calculations on sea level rise, climate change ... from the data produced by the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) spacecraft, ... Meanwhile the Antarctic ice cap is actually getting bigger, ...

Newton’s maths, and our everyday engineering experience, proves that gravity works from the centre of any massive (small or large) body. Thus, when rocket scientists calculate the path of a rocket from moving Earth to moving Mars, influenced by the gravity of the Sun, their calculations are from the very centres of the planets, the exact centre of the Sun and the centre of the moving rocket. And the maths, Newton’s formulae, work precisely, and the rocket gets to Mars.

The urge of sub-atomic particles, atoms, molecules, gases and lumps of metal and us to “fall” to the centre of any body (mass) they happen to meet, is a mystery. Why make for the centre? It is this determination for all things to go to the center of mass that creates the pressure, that creates the heat, that creates the plasma, that creates, expels and propels Light, that warms and enables life on Earth - and probably elsewhere.

If we empty the entire Universe for a moment’s thought, and revert it to pure massless energy, Light, which is currently deemed to have no mass at all, and thus no Gravity (but as some-thing rather than no-thing it must have a very slight mass) – and in this empty space we allow the creation of a single particle, using the Light collision method in my TOE -

LIFE THE UNIVERSE AND EVERYTHING 2011: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7dmvCsQly2c OR AT

www.noelhodson.com/index_files/Life-Universe-Everything-8Mar2011.pdf

…then the mass of the spinning particle, collects pure energy from a large sphere around it (E=MC²), continues to spin (like a tornado – not a virtual mathematician's spin) and continues to exist in a dynamic, not static Universe, as the product of three forces: Attraction (as the sphere of pure energy “falls” onto and into the mass), Repulsion (as the spinning surface repel each other) and Expansion (as Hubble expansion operates continually – NB. Hubble Expansion is not theoretical; it is known from decades of scientific observation, backed up with impeccable maths). However, when particles meet in empty, free space to form atoms and planets etc. we can realistically imagine them congregating in a lattice – as equal partners – not in a compressed mass, such as the Sun. It is the unexpected (self) compression of mass jostling to reach the centre that heats the material that forms the plasma in the process of nuclear fusion. (If we dismiss theories of The Electric Universe).

So, what is so damn attractive about the centre? What is Gravity? Einstein's is a circular explanation to say that mass sits at the bottom of a space-time bowl into which other mass falls.Newton offers no explanation, he simply accepts Gravity. I now see Gravity as a continuation and product of the tornado spin that, I imagine without evidence, forms the primary particles from colliding light beams.

INERTIA AND CENTRES OF GRAVITY.

Imagine two such primary particles meeting. They are both dynamic entities, not static, and both are emptying large spheres of energy, which makes the mass and accords with Newton’s calculation, of attraction reducing with the square of the distance etc. They are the smallest things in the Universe, so only they can act on or interfere with each other. They thus are “permanent” masses. Hubble Expansion enlarges them continuously and so they continue to draw in energy to momentary, partial vacuums. When they touch, their surface vacuums pull them together but the surfaces rotating at 300,000x300,000 kps or C squared (tornado like), keep them apart. The two are now in a dynamic push-pull relationship; their twin-system is expanding. These two primary particles orbit each other with no external impedance – between them is a real and a mathematically calculable, centre of gravity.

We humans naturally understand and utilise centres of gravity. When we clothe ourselves in a leopard skin leotard and swing on liana vines through the trees with a loud whooping sound, we control and balance the ever changing centre of gravity between our bronzed muscular bodies and planet Earth. When we miscalculate just where the centre of gravity is or will be in the next second, we overbalance and probably plunge unwillingly to the new centre of gravity, face down on the planetary surface. Our two primary particles are in a similar relationship – and together they are whirling round in their own private world.

LAGRANGE POINTS - A contour plot of the effective potential due to gravity and the centrifugal force of a two-body system in a rotating frame of reference. The arrows indicate the gradients of the potential around the five Lagrange points — downhill toward them (red) or away from them (blue). Counterintuitively, the L₄ and L₅points are the high points of the potential. At the points themselves these forces are balanced.

Now let us add a multitude of primary particles, all spinning, all dynamic, all growing second by second. As they interact, they make large congregations, each of which has a dynamically changing centre of gravity – their own centre. They are oriented by these centres to THE centre of gravity which forms and can be found between all the congregations. All the spinning entities of groups of primary particles are in dynamic relationship with all other particles, through the mechanism of winding pure energy or light into matter or mass. These centres of gravity relationships constitute the Inertia of the Universe. All matter or masses are in relationship to and are fixed in place, subject to their dynamic spins, by Inertia. Inertia provides the capacity of orientation. (LAGRANGE POINTS are the counter balances to centres of gravity. They are locations between planets and the Sun where gravity from all the masses is balanced and so has no gravitational pull in a particular direction. We are parking observation satellites in such non-gravity locations. Lagrange points move if other masses enter the region.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_point

A very large congregation, such as the Sun, in which the primary particles have been forged into Hydrogen, Helium and trace metals, comprises googolplexes of primary particles in such relationships, all spinning, all continually attracting energy to themselves and all expanding in size, courtesy of Hubble. They jointly and severally clear a large space around the mass (the Sun) which space, in turn, is being constantly refilled by in-falling pure energy from The Field. This never-cleared space surrounding masses is Einstein’s bowl, his bending of space time. The Sun has a centre of gravity, which shifts dynamically with every addition and subtraction of mass to and from the Sun. Every primary particle also has its own centre of gravity and all groups have centres of gravity. All entities are spinning and all are Hubble-expanding. As primary particles are crowded by others, they are limited in drawing in only pure massless energy and their surface vacuums and emptying spheres are refilled, not by pure energy, but by neighbouring particles. The particles are continuously falling into each others’ Hubble expanding spheres – irrespective of size or scale. This in-falling is centralised by the many centres of gravity throughout the mass – and ultimately by the single centre of gravity at or near the heart of the Sun – which is also expanding.

But, as we experience in our daily lives, this jostling and crowding of primary particles squeezes out particles, with mass, at very high speeds – and thus with very high energies; which we experience as heat and solar radiation – the solar wind. Thus, the Sun and all masses, large or small, dynamically grow, compress and expel energy and matter. Thus, large masses attract matter and energy (which are interchangeable) that falls onto or into the mass, and then the compression forces matter and energy to be expelled as dust and radiation. In this way, the Sun and all large masses have a pulse - like living organisms, they are dissipative entities - dynamic, never static.

All masses are held in place or orbits by Inertia, the combined centres of gravity of the entire Universe, until immensely energetic changes occur in matter or in the pure energy field that are powerful enough to shift Inertia and enable new forms.

This is not a circular argument – its basic given assumptions (axioms) are just two – First that the Universe exists as a field (infinite and perpetual if you like) of pure energy (from God or by accident as you like) and Second that pure energy or Light, is the building material of particles which compress the Light.

How these particles are made and behave is my unproven speculation, my concept, my imagination fuelled by decades of reading popular science. This blog might trigger ideas that will illuminate the Standard Model and will assist in capturing applicable fusion power. A key point is that gravity requires a continuous and regular in-falling of matter, however diffuse, onto the centre of the gravitating phenomena. I guess the mechanism that causes the in-falling is Hubble expansion - which is constant throughout the Universe. Centres of gravity and Lagrange points may appear to vary gravitational forces.

Perhaps a mini-black-hole at the heart of every fusion-plasma holding “bottle” will replicate the effects of Hubble expansion in a laboratory and will create controllable in-falling gravity to maintain 10 million degrees of heat, with minimal electricity input.

BIG-BANGS, AND GENTLE, SENTIENT FORCES – THE FIFTH FUNDAMENTAL FORCE:

We humans are of a size that is approximately halfway between the smallest and the largest phenomena that we know of. Perhaps our size dictates the upper and lower scales we can explore. Our Universe has massive, walloping, crashing, searing energies of terrifying inter-galactic power – but it also grows tadpoles, daises, blades of grass and babies. These latter water based life-forms are both subtle and vulnerable, and they are sentient – they can feel their environment – and they need gentle environments safe from all the shouting, burning and banging. All phenomena emerge and are organised, somehow, from the universal field of pure energy (Light). It is logical to search for the subtle energies that enable short lived bags of sea water to acquire brains, occasionally act intelligently, reproduce and to wonder at the Universe. This organising, sentient energy, is, I believe, the Life-Force; a fundamental force ranked alongside Gravity, Electro-Magnetic, Strong and Weak Nuclear forces. The organising, sentient Lifeforce is the fifth fundamental force of our Universe.

My calculation of Hubble Expansion is that the Universe (Space-Time-Continuum) expands at6.819E-19 percent per second. My maths is not great, so check it out – the circumference of the observable universe, disappearing at light speed. I have not read any reasonable arguments that say that some parts of Space are shielded from this expansion.

This minuscule, gentle rate is almost undetectable on a human or even on a Solar System scale, but is observed by astronomers between galaxies. IF, Hubble Expansion does drive gravity, then several of the mysterious universal forces, such as Dark Matter and Dark Energy can be investigated in the light of this new factor. Gravity would be seen as Hubble Expansion acting on every sphere from the smallest (Planck Minimum) to the largest (the entire Universe). Inertia would be the balance and dynamic tension, on every scale, between centres of gravity (foremost at the centres of large objects) of groups of orbiting and spinning masses – and Lagrange points. At the sub-atomic scale, human-scale investigations of particles will unavoidably and continually alter the centres of gravity under observation.

************

For a Theory of Everything, many fundamental matters remain to be understood and slotted into the jigsaw. The Standard Model of atoms and sub-atomic particles appears to be bogged down. Several top scientists say a new model or breakthrough is needed.

ENERGY CONVERTED INTO MATTER - The Higgs Boson and Higgs Field is a dubious discovery; first credited with “conferring mass” on other sub-atomic particles, its role and existence is now uncertain and debateable. No scientist has claimed that it was or is the mechanism that converts “pure energy” (Light) into “real” things (fundamental particles).

EQUIVALENCE – Einstein is credited with explaining Gravity. Part of what he proposed was to assume that Gravity and Inertia, the mysterious force that keeps everything in its place, are equivalent – and therefore perhaps equal and opposite sides of the same coin. This fundamental assumption is now being re-examined. Neither Gravity or Inertia are understood.

GRAVITY – Einstein pictured Gravity by comparing it to the force under the feet of a person being whisked up in an accelerating elevator or lift, far from any gravitational mass such as Earth, but experiencing the same downward pressure, as if standing on the Earth, due to the acceleration of the rising floor. The passenger would actually be experiencing the Inertia or fixed masses of the entire universe – relative to the floor’s acceleration compared to the relatively static universe. He also pictured Gravity as an infinitely large deep bowl at the bottom of which is the attractive object, such as Earth; any-thing with mass, including massless light, that enters the Earth’s bowl, no matter how distant, will eventually slide down it, to the Earth. If the falling thing is dense enough, far denser than our planet, it will continue going down until its centre (of gravity) gets to the Earth’s centre of gravity – in the centre of our planet. Einstein saw this falling object asappearing to accelerate as it falls through spheres within spheres of what I will call The Aether-Matrix surrounding the planet, each sphere equidistant from all others but those nearest the planet being shrunk (by gravity) so that the object takes less time to pass. You either need to read more about this – or need to get out more.

Posted by Noel Hodson at 07:46

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3 comments:

Edward Ott21 January 2013 07:52

I was at a dinner party not to long ago where most of the people there were physicts PHd studends and professors and saw a yelling match break out on what is gravity. highly entertaining. great article abd great blog.

ReplyDelete

Noel Hodson22 January 2013 04:22

Edward - Thanks for your compliments and interest. At 70 I have decided to publish my lifetime conclusions - to "speak now or forever hold thy peace". Unlike professional scientists, I have nothing to lose and so can speculate. - Noel

ReplyDelete

Jacy Brean16 May 2013 07:23

Super article, Noel, and beautifully written as always! Love your science blogs!

ReplyDelete

HIGGS AND BABIES – 9 Sept 2013.

Letter to New Scientist - 7th September 2013.

Jon Butterworth’s Instant Expert,The Higgs Boson, New Scientist, 7 Sept 2013, is the clearest article I have read on The Higgs; and gives a good short summary of The Standard Model. He asks “What makes matter”?

My view is that there is no unbridgeable divide between energy and matter, micro and macro, there is a single universe and an organising principle which manifests in life forms and all phenomena - The Lifeforce.

34 WEEKS, 2 TRILLION CELLS

AN ENERGY DISSIPATIVE ORGANISM

DO WE IGNORE "THE LIFEFORCE"?

Our daughter had a 34 weeks premature baby 11 days ago, which reminded me that a single fertilized ovum or cell, the size of a typed full-stop, drew energy from the mother to create and organize 2 trillion more cells and make a (very beautiful) new 4 lbs 10 oz life-form. He will grow into a 100 trillion celled, hairy 6ft 2in rugby prop forward and then an old man, like me; in the process of, say, 80 years, consuming 70 tons of food (energy) and several tons of air (energy) and an allegedly weightless amount of sunlight (which logically is not weightless). But, he will remain identifiable, as his template concentrates and dissipates these tons of energy.

It seems to me that all phenomena of every size, from Quarks to galaxies, are similarly dissipative organisations, governed by ever evolving universal templates. Where are these templates? I now think they exist and persist as data-dense (far more data-dense than DNA), legible radio (electromagnetic /light) waves in what pre-Einstein science called the Aether and which I now refer to as the Aether-Matrix.

The sentient baby “confers mass” on the energy it collects and integrates (all food is compressed sunlight) and dissipates, retaining enough energy to maintain its identity and integrity for 80 years – while every event in its body and brain, from quantum events, to thoughts, to punching the referee, are broadcast into the Aether-Matrix. These broadcasts are as legible and coherent as cell-phone signals, as TV and radio signals, as supernova signals. As they expand as globes from the site of any energetic event, these waves intersect with each other and with existing (older) waves in the universal energy field. These waves enable us to “see” the underlying event, the phenomena that caused the waves – from blazing Suns, quarks or so called single photons – we do not “see” the object, we detect/ receive its signal.

There is nowhere in space-time, in the entire universe, however apparently empty it may be, where we cannot see the entire universe, to the limits of our instruments. In any space sphere, from Planck’s minimum to the Observable Universe, each sphere is filled with a unique, “holographic”, radio-wave, data-dense “picture” of the whole, limited only by the size of sphere compared to the wavelengths observed. These holographs of cross hatched electromagnetic waves, constitute the Aether-Matrix, and, I think, hold the templates that govern and in-form phenomena. Where the waves intersect, sub-atomic particles are formed; the type of particle we find at any such node depends on the characteristics of the waves. By following the creation by propagation of such particles, we trace a path and "see" a speeding particle - which is in fact a wave front. It is the gaps between waves and thus between nodes, that we define as the black-body quantum leap.

As the baby broadcasts its presence, its signals in-form and re-form the dynamic, ever evolving Aether-Matrix. These radio forms reach to the limits of the universe and in human terms are eternal and remain legible “until the end of days”.

To complicate our view of the holographic Aether-Matrix and phenomenal universe, the whole is subject to Hubble-Expansion at every scale. If The Standard Model is, more realistically, re-imagined as consisting of broadcast electromagnetic spheres intersecting, instead of as particles, then Einstein’s spooky action at a distance, entangled particles, and our inability to observe without altering the particles, is perhaps explicable as the data-dense waves propagate at light speed and illuminate the intersections (make particles) which we currently interpret as particle paths. Observe (interfere with) any part of the wave-sphere, perhaps just “one-photon” strong, and the entangled particles will instantly change on each side (at any point) of the propagating sphere as we alter the wave form.

If all phenomena are collections of ephemeral nodes of intersecting energy waves, how is a screwdriver constructed and made to retain its hard fixed form, identity and integrity for, say, 10,000 years? Tangible, macro "real" objects, such as ourselves, have inertia (and gravity). They and their constituents resist change, despite inevitably slowly changing moment by moment - inertia resists rapid change. The observable universe resists change; despite constant change the night sky is reliably pretty much the same night after night, millennium after millennium. How pure energy (light) converts to, say, uranium, is THE central mystery for the Standard Model; how is straw spun into gold? Experiment tells us that uranium is made of light - we see it when we blow up the element in atomic bombs. We can disintegrate elements - elements as small as protons, in the LHC, but we are not able to integrate them. My view is that at the base of all sub-atomic particles, maybe quarks or even smaller, are the primary particles "fractals" which are revolving, tornado-like vortices; throughout all space. A primary vortex is formed by Hubble expansion, drawing light into a partially evacuated sphere. The light waves collide, spin and create matter - a vortex of matter is formed by in-falling light maintaining a partial vacuum (gravity) whose spin creates a revolving surface that repels other fractals; between these two forces inertia is created. Thus straw is spun into gold. The fractals spin, align, pull, push, integrate and disintegrate to form, maybe quarks (currently thought to make protons etc). Science proves that protons persist for tens of billions of years - and from them we make screwdrivers; which on human time-scales appear to be solid, unchanging and permanent. But, the (data-dense) energy waves, that make the fractals, are moment by moment re-formed and in-formed by all events in the universe. We sentient beings are all also re-formed and in-formed moment by moment by these forces. Inertia is subject to evolution and it is in the underlying dynamic energy field (Higgs field?) that we can seek the templates that hold the data to make stuff - such as DNA - that makes the blueprints for babies.

It seems to me that like my grandson, all phenomena are dissipative systems, absorbing and emitting energy, organized and governed by universal data-dense templates (maybe Higgs Field) which confer mass and persistent identity. These templates are intersecting electromagnetic broadcasting spheres which science can detect. We humans are built from or by these forces, as are sub-atomic and all phenomena. Because we are made from “the stuff of the universe” and are sentient – we have the capacity to eventually understand it.

I think that The Standard Model needs to be considered in the context of Hubble-expansion, the Lifeforce, the wave formed Aether-Matrix, and babies (who do choose to be born), whose brains, as far as we know, are the most complex entities in the universe.

Noel Hodson, Oxford.

www.noelhodson.com/index_files/Life-Universe-Everything-8Mar2011.pdf

LIFE-FORCE - AETHER-MATRIX

THE SCIENCE DELUSION

INDEX - LIFE, UNIVERSE, EVERYTHING - JAN13

CHASE THE LIGHT

DNA STORES YOUR LIFE

RECORD RECORDS - DNA PACKS IN DATA.

EASTER BABIES & BIBLE TRUTHS

HIGGS BOSON AND CUSTARD

I NEVER ASKED TO BE BORN - THE FIFTH FORCE

THE LIGHT FANTASTIC – 20 MAY 2013

I badly need light beams /light waves /photons to have rest-mass. Which all of respected and accepted science denies.

Maybe the conundrum is in the way we express ourselves. Since rejecting The Aether around 1900, science has determinedly talked of “empty-space” /the void /the space-time vacuum and made fabulously correct calculations on that assumption. But space is not empty. There is nowhere, no location large or small, in this or any other imagined universe that is not criss-crossed, cross-hatched with ever changing, legible electro-magnetic light radio waves. Every possible sphere, large or small, seethes with data-carrying, energetic, stable, permanent, visible and legible signals, broadcast by every phenomenon, large or small, from single electrons to brain-waves to colliding galaxies. It is these signals that enable us via our instruments to see the universe. I think these waves and photons have energy /mass and create the dynamic structures that create dynamic inertia. I think the Victorians were not wrong; I now call it The Aether-Matrix.

If "weightless" photons are the primary particles - they are not massless – they must have rest-mass. Many articles state that gravity has no effect on photons /Wavicles – but the famous observation of a solar eclipse, to prove Einstein’s theories, was of light from distant stars being curved by the gravity of the sun. Was that solar gravity tugging light beams or were they merely massless photons travelling through “curved space-time”?

But, the “weight” of sunlight has been demonstrated: (e.g. The difference between Lebedev's contraption, called a Nichols Radiometer, and the failed Crookes' set up was Lebedev's panels twisted on their string even in a complete vacuum. When the other contraption was totally evacuated of air, the paddles stopped. In the absence of any other force on the paddles (including heat), Lebedev finally proved that it was light pushing the paddles around.)

Four years ago while attending physics classes, I thought I read on the internet (and made notes of it) that Mathematician Mitchell Figenbaum ascribed a rest mass to the photon of 10E-49 grams. I cannot now find the article I read – nor any mention of 10E-49 grams. Contrariwise, internet searches now tell me, a thousand times over, that photons have no rest mass. I might even start to believe it.

The solar wind does however have weight, often referred to as the pressure of sunlight. This “wind” that streams the tails of meteors and comets away from the sun does contain particles other than “massless” photons, such as neutrinos – and presumably hydrogen and helium atoms expelled from the sun. But it is mostly photons. NASA has announced the “2014 Sunjammer mission which will deploy a sail that measures approximately 38 metres along one side with a total surface area of around 1,200 square metres, or a third of an acre. That's seven times larger than any solar sail tested in space to date.”

Citing, yet again, E=MC² each gram of photons must compress or empty or attract energy from the ever Hubble expanding, basic, all pervasive electromagnetic field; in today's values (2013) clearing a volume of a sphere in “empty” space with a diameter of 500,000 meters or 500 kilometres (575,805,138.9118680 meters) and compacting the light to make a rest mass of 1 gram.

1 gram of photons at my imaginary rest mass represents ten-thousand-billion-billion-billion-billion photons. So a single photon needs to collect the energy from a sphere of 6E-41 metres diameter; at current 2013 values (as my universe is dynamic not static and changes with time) of the energy that "empty" space contains. That is a surprisingly small sphere – so I wonder if my arithmetic is awry?

The essential search here is for the mechanism that turns pure energy into matter – and confers a reliable life span on the matter and the things it builds – say three-score-years-and-ten on a not totally repellent, complex walking sack of saline solution, such as me, for example. We are searching for the magic that converts ephemeral, insubstantial straw into solid, long lasting gold. Every subatomic action in every passing micro-second in every one of my 100 trillion cells – and all of the cells’ interchanges and co-operations – and the signature signals from the whole (person) broadcasts into the field of the Aether-Matrix and thus informs and reforms the energy field.

If a photon is the product of intersecting light/ radio waves at a place or focus that compacts energy from the surrounding field, such entities subsist everywhere. Each photon draws and holds the energy of a measurable sphere which logically must for a time contain less free-energy – the existence of a photon attenuates the space around it – it exists in a partial vacuum. I envisage the particle as a spinning vortex, a whirlwind, winding in the light field, creating a surface, with compression within and relative vacuum without. The relative vacuums “attract” and the spinning surfaces “repel” – creating dynamic inertia.

The orientations of such transitional phenomena, as they combine, may account for magnetic dipoles and monopoles.

Light does not “travel”. Light does not “speed”. Light propagates. The energetic event we observe as light is an event that passes energy from light wave to light wave – at 300,000 KPS which is (so far) a basic quantum of our universe. This is the medium that propagates light, in wave formations that we do intuitively understand (because we are made from this stuff) and see in water, gases and all materials – even in rock. As the energy travels or spherically broadcasts it stimulates in-situ photons that we can then see – whatever the carrier wavelength. Thus the photons, in spheres surrounding an energetic event, might appear to be travelling faster than C 300,000 kilometres per second.

As the spinning entities we name as photons combine, they make other particles, a myriad of particles to which we ascribe a myriad of new names and properties. And the photons disappear into the transformation.

That’s it for now; I have written down part of what was in my head – until I realise how wrong this article is and revisit to correct it.

Massless particles [edit]

Massless particles have zero rest mass. Their relativistic mass is simply their relativistic energy, divided by c², or m(relativistic) = E/c².^[25][26] The energy for photons is E = hfwhere h is Planck's constant and f is the photon frequency. This frequency and thus the relativistic energy are frame-dependent.

If an observer runs away from a photon in the direction it travels from a source, having it catch up with the observer, then when the photon catches up it will be seen as having less energy than it had at the source. The faster the observer is traveling with regard to the source when the photon catches up, the less energy the photon will have. As an observer approaches the speed of light with regard to the source, the photon looks redder and redder, by relativistic Doppler effect (the Doppler shift is the relativistic formula), and the energy of a very long-wavelength photon approaches zero. This is why a photon is massless; this means that the rest mass of a photon is zero.

Massless particles contribute rest mass and invariant mass to systems [edit]

Two photons moving in different directions cannot both be made to have arbitrarily small total energy by changing frames, or by moving toward or away from them. The reason is that in a two-photon system, the energy of one photon is decreased by chasing after it, but the energy of the other will increase with the same shift in observer motion. Two photons not moving in the same direction will exhibit an inertial frame where the combined energy is smallest, but not zero. This is called the center of mass frame or the center of momentumframe; these terms are almost synonyms (the center of mass frame is the special case of a center of momentum frame where the center of mass is put at the origin). The most that chasing a pair of photons can accomplish to decrease their energy is to put the observer in frame where the photons have equal energy and are moving directly away from each other. In this frame, the observer is now moving in the same direction and speed as the center of mass of the two photons. The total momentum of the photons is now zero, since their momentums are equal and opposite. In this frame the two photons, as a system, have a mass equal to their total energy divided by c². This mass is called the invariant massof the pair of photons together. It is the smallest mass and energy the system may be seen to have, by any observer. It is only the invariant mass of a two-photon system that can be used to make a single particle with the same rest mass.

Since sunlight has energy, it also has a mass associated with it as indicated by Einstein's famous equation E = mc^2 or m = E/(c^2).

An elementary textbook says the sun converts 4.2 x 10^9 kg of mass to energy every second. Using this number, we can estimate the amount of energy (mass) from the sun hitting the earth by calculating the fraction of the entire solid angle the earth intercepts as seen by the sun. Since the diameter of the earth is about 1.3 x 10^7 m and it is 1.5 x 10^11 m from the sun, it subtends an angle of about 8.7 x 10^-5 radians. If we square this angle and divide by 4 pi = 12.6, we get the solid angle fraction subtended by the earth, which I calculate to be about 6 x 10^-10 of the entire solid angle. Multiplying this by the 4.2 x 10^9 kg burned by the sun every second and we obtain 2.5 kg/s as the mass of the photons (light) from the sun striking the earth every second.

There is another way to guesstimate this number using the rough estimate of 1 kW/m^2 as the energy of the sunlight striking the earth. Multiplying this by the area of a disk with the area of the cross section of the earth (pi x R^2 = 1.3 x 10^14 m^2) gives 1.3 x 10^17 J/s. Dividing this by the velocity of light squared (c^2 = 9 x 10^16) gives 1.4 kg/s. I consider this to be in excellent agreement with the figure of 2.5 kg/s obtained above.

Please let me know if you find this less than clear or would like more information or explanation.

Best, Dick Plano, Professor of Physics emeritus, Rutgers University

IN MY 70^TH YEAR – SO FAR, HOW DO I THINK THE UNIVERSE WORKS?

1. It is logically valid to review what I know about science and speculate in the context of the human body – or, more specifically, by reference to my own person.

We humans are products of and are embedded in The Universe. As far as we know we are the most complex phenomena in the universe. I write this for me and other humans in a language evolved by humans for our communications. I think about the universe with a human brain, in human terms and apply human garnered knowledge. I comprise and organise about 100 trillion human cells that are similar to the cells of almost all life forms. I utilise 10 billion brain cells and 1,000 billion synapses to consider life, the universe and everything. My DNA “programme” has evolved over the 4.5 billion years The Earth has existed – and may have earlier influences from other solar systems or galaxies. Each cell has a DNA strand of 8 metres long, encoded by 4 chemicals; a gram of DNA can carry 455 billion gigabytes of data (Harvard Medical School) and adult humans have up to 60 grams of DNA. This could encode sufficient data to record my entire evolution (The Long Body) and personal life experiences, from the beginning of life to date.

There are 7 billion humans on Earth, each with unique experience and intelligence. Our pooled or networked sentience, intelligence and reason is truly immense. We continually communicate by shedding and acquiring DNA, cells, viruses and bacteria, via brain waves, through reproduction, families, tribes and nations, and through books and art and our work-products, electronically, verbally and via broadcasts. Willy-nilly, we all continually exchange bits of our bodies, genes, memes, ideas and knowledge.

On a universal size scale, we humans are approximately halfway between the smallest things (Planck length) and the largest (Observable Universe circumference). We are thus representative of universal phenomena and – as far as we know – we are the complex pinnacle of creation and evolution.

“KNOW THYSELF” - To consider the Big Questions in science while ignoring life and humans – is blinkered and perverse. If we could understand ourselves, intellectually or intuitively - or better still in both ways – we would be far closer to finding more answers. So, with the inescapable fact of our shared existence as human beings in mind – here are my ideas to date.

2. LIFEFORCE – Wherever we look there is organisation. The universe is not a random soup of jumbled particles. Dust clouds become stars and planets, stars make galaxies, galaxies cluster and black-holes grow at their centres (we calculate). Humans and their trillions of parasites, viruses and bacteria demonstrate that the universe creates organisms. There are billions of trillions of organised organisms. Organisation, self-organisation is characteristic of our universe. I conjecture that it is a fundamental force of nature, ranking with Gravity, Electro-Magnetism and the Strong and Weak Nuclear forces. The LIFEFORCE is the 5^th fundamental force.

3. THE BIG BANG – We calculate backwards from Hubble Expansion red-shift that the universe exploded 13.2 billion years ago from the opposite of a Black Hole, namely a White Hole. The location or direction of this central expansion point has not been found or calculated. There could have been multiple White Holes – which would solve several puzzles – but a single source will just about do. What is clear is that the essence, the basic stuff of the universe is “pure energy”. This energy is widely accepted as being Light or the electro-magnetic spectrum. It was and is, therefore, a field or set of fields, of energy exhibiting diverse wavelengths; from infra-red to ultra-violet, from X-Rays to Micro Waves to Gamma Rays to all radio waves. There were and are waves of every frequency, wavelength and energy level. Science now understands that such energy waves can and do carry information or data – allegedly at the Speed of Light. I refer to this ubiquitous energy field as The Aether Matrix.

4. LIGHT “SPEED” – To date, science demonstrates that Light in all its manifestations travels at 300,000 Kilometres per Second (KPS). We recognise Light Waves and Light Particles or photons, at wavelengths or energies across the wide spectrum indicated above. I imagine that

What this website discusses – an executive summary.

1) That gravity is due to Hubble Expansion of the universe – a stretching or attenuation of the universal energy fields at 6.819E^-19% per second that creates diverse vacuums which attract matter and energy on every scale, everywhere.

2) That the Aether exists – being a structure made by the criss-crossing of fields and waves and particles, everywhere. The Aether connects everything to everything. Any change requires “permission” or accommodation from everything else that exists. (NB – I want to marry this to Inertia, which keeps the universe as it is).

3) Dark Matter is the combined pull from the momentary vacuums.

4) Dark Energy is the depletion, reduction of field power, mutual letting go which occurs in the electromagnetic field when matter is formed and precipitates out of the field at E=MC².

5) That the momentary vacuums, of diverse strengths, attract field energies (light) which collide in the vacuums and sometimes make a fundamental particle, quark or basic fractal which are spinning tornado like entities binding the energy. These are too small to be disrupted by most of the other phenomena in the universe; and they bind together through mutual vacuum and Casimir type forces – maintained by Hubble Expansion. This contributes to Inertia.

6) That the universe, the Aether, is holographic and these holograms, being complete globular models of the whole etched by light, at every scale from the size of the whole universe down to the minimum Planck scale, contribute to Inertia.

7) That all sub-atomic particles act in a similar way to electrons in a telephone wire, converting from electric current to magnetic wave and back again, infinitely. This implies that every particle coalesces onto a centre at a density of E=MC², and expands back to field-energy, to at least fill the space occupied by that amount of energy and probably to the edges of the universe – and then reforms. This is the pulse of the universe, organised by we know not what; acting on all matter including us humans. We, and all phenomena, re-posit ourselves continuously.

8) That consideration ought to be given to a new force in physics alongside the nuclear, gravitational and electrical forces – the Life-Force - which organises complex systems and energies (Chaos Theory) up to and including intelligence and sentience, wherever we look in the universe.

Expansion is Gravity - 2007 – the EIG model

(NB - This concept is NOT following the Einstein thought-experiment that if the surface of, for example, the Earth is expanding, that the upward or outward movement of the surface under our feet would be indistinguishable from gravity; however valid that thought may be. Nor is it String-Theory or Multiverse or Curled-up-Hidden-Dimensions theory).

As the universe expands, as found by Hubble, the omni-present electro-magnetic spectrum or light, the observable boundary of the universe, and every imaginable sphere therein, attenuates at ~~2.304E^-18~~% 6.819E^-19% per second, and creates a total (supra) or partial (super) vacuum. Light moves in to the vacuum – at the speed of light – and in some zones or spheres the light waves collide or merge at angles and at wave frequencies that reinforce the “speed” and cause colliding waves to spin in a vortex, at perhaps 90 Billion Kilometres per Second (KPS). This immense “speed”, C², creates a surface between the vortex and its surroundings, and a fractal of primary matter (perhaps a Quark) is created or spun from the energy; following Einstein’s formula Energy=Matter X Light-Speed Squared (E=MC²). All zones or spheres of every size, attenuating with the “quantum-pulse” of expansion-and-pause, create the subtle and minuscule force of gravity – everywhere.

The Hubble universe constantly expands (all zones or spheres, some of which might be as small as the Planck length, do not necessarily contract after expansion) and inrushing energy feeds the spinning fractal. As in the vortex of a tornado, the spin draws in surrounding energy leaving a depleted zone around the vortex-sphere. This third vacuum, a surface-vacuum, attracts other fractals, while the constantly expanding (Hubble expansion) spinning surface repels them. The dynamic thus created between repulsive and attractive forces is the dynamic tension that underlies all matter. At this pre-particle, fractal level no thing exists that can interfere with the expanding and spinning vortex. Stability and permanence and inertia are created by Hubble expansion. Dark matter, and its theoretic “extra” gravity, may not be matter – but the temporary attenuation of the every part of the field.

This event is the moment when energy from the energy field (light) becomes matter. As it requires a great deal of energy to make a small amount of matter, the immediate impact on the energy field is to deplete or partially reduce the energy of the field. This reduction of and locking-up of power in matter weakens the inter-attraction of the electro-magnetic field, which then further expands. The more matter that is created the more the field expands locally. Thus Dark Energy – the mysterious repulsive force - is in fact the releasing of the brake as the field, which is or which contains the universe, is depleted and its mutual attraction is weakened.

The rapidly spinning fractals thus created, throughout the universe, may initially be spinning on any axis of orientation, until their surface vacuums draw them together and from many collisions they harmonise their spins. Solo fractals may spontaneously unwind and revert to energy. Fractals in stable and mutually reinforcing relationships may persist for long periods. I would like to explore the neat thought that clumps of fractals (say Quarks) which are made of prime numbers of fractals, persist.

A single fractal made or held in, say, a single Planck sized sphere is in contingent relationship with all adjoining (empty) spheres which are expanding-pausing with the quantum pulse. The solo fractal may unwind – or be drawn in any direction at the speed of light into any adjoining sphere, as it expands. Thus, to fit the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, fractals of matter may appear and disappear, or may move in any direction at any time – but, one can imagine a preferred direction being created from sphere to sphere by the original orientation of the field – which the fractal is likely to follow.

To complicate the calculation “quantum-expansion-pause” arithmetic further, each (imaginary) Planck sphere is not only surrounded by interpenetrating spheres of the same size, but each sphere is also at the centre of an infinite (imaginary) set of ever larger nested spheres, like Russian Dolls, expanding out to the extremity of the universe. The calculations of the vacuum powers of these ever expanding zones, of every size, are truly bewildering.

Friday, 1 February 2013

WHAT IS GRAVITY?

WHAT GRAVITY IS AND HOW IT WORKS – A NEW IDEA.

DYNAMIC EVOLVING Universe

Please read this essay with empty space, outer space, in mind. It ought to be a dark sphere of space, extremely cold – just a few degrees above absolute zero (-237 Kelvin) of any size, far from Earth, and as empty of matter as space can be; which is approximately five hydrogen molecules per cubic metre. Now, travel to the centre of that lonely, cold, lifeless, empty space – open your eyes and look around the sphere – and you will see the whole astonishing, magnificent, shining Universe. Your empty space is filled with Light, broadcast by all the galaxies, stars and phenomena that exist. You can see them because they broadcast, they send out, sphere’s of light waves; some in your visible spectrum, others as X-rays, infra-red, ultra-violet, radio, long-waves, short-waves and every type of waves imaginable. Your empty space is criss-crossed, cross-hatched with trillions of energetic light or electro-magnetic waves. The whole universe presents itself to you in that sphere. The only waves you cannot detect are those too large to fit into your sphere or into your viewing equipment. Casimir found that when a gap between two flat plates excludes large wavelengths, it causes a pressure deficit and the outer complete wavelengths press the plates together; the Casimir effect may stabilise the large and small spheres of the holographic Aether Matrix; and add to gravity within matter. The majority of the images you detect are accurate, reliable and repeatable. The signals retain their unique identities, their special information, across billions of light-years and trillions of trillions of kilometres. You are occupying a holographic image of the universe made from waves of pure energy that illuminate you and any other objects in that “empty” sphere.

Now, quit that zone. Zip through hyperspace for a few million light years to another empty space; stop and look at the Universe. It’s the same Universe you are seeing, but from a different angle. The holographic images of the same objects are different. Each viewing zone differs; each is unique. You have discovered that empty space is not empty. You are experiencing the universal Aether-Matrix, made of Light. Now read on:

WHAT’S NEW? THE HOW AND WHY OF GRAVITY

As explored in my previous speculative essays, why and how all matter and energy attempts to “fall” to the centre of mass – be it The Sun, the Earth, the Galaxy, or yourself, is not understood, but is the fundamental proven, observed fact of gravity. This constant in-falling, compelled by the weakest force (gravity is a billion, billion, billion, billion times weaker than magnetism) is an unsolved scientific mystery; until today.

Although very weak, gravity is persistent, cannot be shielded and reaches to infinity. Magnetism is very strong, can be shielded, with lead for example, and has a short reach. We all experience these two forces, are created by them and we use them at every moment of every day. Nuclear binding forces are very, very powerful, can be shielded, and act at very, very short distances across atoms.

I think that perhaps: Light waves are forged into the primary fundamental particles “Fractals” that revolve as vortices in the light field, the Aether-Matrix. Fractals concentrate a large sphere of pure energy dictated by E=MC²(energy = mass x light-speed x light-speed) Einstein’s famous equation to demonstrate that matter and energy are opposite sides of the same coin and that light cannot go faster than 300,000 km/s. We do not know how Light is concentrated into particles but we have often converted particles back into Light – in atom and hydrogen bombs – with truly spectacularly bright results that show in reverse just how much Light was locked up in the uranium or other fissionable material. Matter is compressed Light (electro-magnetic waves). These tiny Fractals combine to make particles, atoms, stars and planets – that have gravity.

Fractals have a surface revolving at 90 billion k/s, have cleared a huge area of the energy field around them, which is re-filled by in-falling energy, and are expanding due to Hubble expansion at the minuscule rate of 6.819E^-19% per second (0.000,000,000,000,000,000,681,9 %) The spinning surfaces repel each other, the in-falling energy attracts each other – which create the underlying dynamic Inertia of the material Universe – where things, phenomena, are robust and persist.

Two revolving Fractals meeting in the partial, Hubble-expanding void, caused by their creation from energy, revolve around each other. They have a common centre of revolution and their orientation or Inertia, aligns. A third Fractal joins and the focal point of revolution shifts; then a fourth and fifth join - and so on. To exist, the Fractals need to draw in energy, which is freely available in our almost infinite Universe. As Fractals congregate, they block each other’s access to the energy – but their Space continues to expand, creating voids which are filled by other in-falling Fractals. We have Gravity. Expansion IS Gravity.

For a body such as a Star, a Planet or a simple rock to continue to have gravity, where all particles seek to fall to the centre (of gravity), Hubble Expansion must be continuous, which it is; and for the cycle to persist the in-falling mass (material and energy) must have an outlet. The gravitating body must be a dissipative system – otherwise gravity stops; it seizes up. My new idea is that all gravitating bodies do expel mass. We detect this reverse flow as energy waves and dust – from the Sun, from all stellar bodies and from ourselves; we broadcast legible unique identifiable radio waves and emit heat, as long as we are alive.

My guess is that the in-falling energy is balanced by the out-flowing energy – and that the differential in the rate of in-flow and out-flow and the time differences between integration and disintegration of mass enables the existence, for a time, of the body or phenomena (phenomena or “things” include pebbles, trees and thoughts – thoughts are tangible packets of energy). This reverse flow manifests as energetic events, which broadcast their presence as waves in expanding spheres; Light waves, that fill the Aether-Matrix with holograms of the entire Universe, even in the so-called “empty” space of outer-space.

Thus the cycle of gravitation is continuous. The Aether-Matrix of Light, which is the fundamental stuff of the Universe, evolves continuously as the reverse flow of energy from integrated phenomena in-forms and re-forms the Aether-Matrix. Like that most unlikely minuscule recording material, DNA, the blueprint for weak and feeble creatures such as we humans, which can retain legible data for millions of years, science knows that the broadcast radio signals from all things – from atoms to worms to black-holes (Hawking radiation) – are indestructible and fill the entire universe. This dynamic energetic feedback creates new templates, which create new forms, which evolve constantly.

www.noelhodson.com/index_files/Life-Universe-Everything-8Mar2011.pdf

LIFE THE UNIVERSE AND EVERYTHING 2011: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7dmvCsQly2c

QED – for now.

Tuesday, 29 January 2013

RECORD RECORDS - DNA PACKS IN DATA.

You'd be going in, if only you hadn't stolen the
tarts when you were 7 years old. But... Sorry!
THE RECORDING ANGEL HAS GOT
YOUR NUMBER AND KNOWS
WHERE YOU LIVE /D

Ian Sample writes in The Guardian 24 Jan 13, about the remarkable feat in Cambridge UK, of compiling Shakespeare’s poems, Martin Luther King’s speech and Watson & Crick’s paper on DNA, in the code G,T,C,A the four bases that form all DNA strands, and reducing the texts to a tiny speck of DNA. The article is short on dates, but finishes with “A similar feat was achieved by …George Church, Harvard Geneticist …last year”. So it seems George Church did it first.

I wrote a detailed account in August 2012 21 Aug 12. DNA STORES YOUR LIFE

As DNA makes the code for all life forms and reproduces the code in precise copies over about 3.5 billion years before significant “errors” are made – and as functioning DNA in old bones and teeth has been found intact after several million years – scientists claim it is a very long lived, reliable digital recording material; either stored in an inert form or perhaps, in the future, stored as part of an active, reproducing live DNA chain in life-forms.

Perhaps a full analysis of your DNA with its 80% “unknown function”, previously dismissed as “junk DNA” would reveal the full text of War and Peace, Titbits, The Beano and all the publications in the British Library. Perhaps all these texts could be recorded and inserted into your DNA, making you an information genius. Should we re-think reincarnation theories of child prodigies?

Such reliable, permanent and accurate minuscule DNA recordings, in chemical life forms that have measurable mass, are surpassed by the almost massless radio (light) signals broadcast from all things. Astronomers focus scanners on stars and galaxies 13.75 billion light years distant, and can read their broadcast information; or they focus on a star a mere 4.2 light years away and its signals reveal not only what it is made of and where it is going but what the intervening interstellar dust is made of. As far as science now knows, your vital mobile phone signals informing your Mum you are on the bus and nearly home, broadcast infinitely across the universe in legible form – for eternity. All these signals can be re-read; they occupy no measurable space; they criss-cross each other; they propagate in waves at 300,000 km per second; your favourite TV soap, with all its adverts, races out to the horizon of the observable universe and probably amuses very distant little green persons. Our brains also broadcast radio signals – all the time. We are on universal perpetual record, with every other thing and event in the universe.

This relieves Saint Peter of the onerous eternal task of writing our deeds and misdeeds in a great book – he just presses “replay” as we apply for our entry visas. “Thank God...” he says as he dispatches wailing souls down to The Burning Fires of Hell forever “...for the electronic revolution.”

LIFE, THE UNIVERSE, AND EVERYTHING – BLOG ARCHIVE

Monday, 28 January 2013

BRIAN COX AND TALES OF DOOM

Last night I looked forward to watching Manchester University’s popular physicist, Professor Brian Cox, explain the miraculous existence of Life in our universe. Having very much enjoyed his previous TV series, I optimistically assumed he had either read my blog or benefitted from synchronicity, and had decided to make a documentary that included the integrative Lifeforce as the fifth universal force – alongside the accepted four foundations of physics and chemistry: Gravity, Electro-Magnetism, Weak Nuclear and Strong Nuclear forces.

I was disappointed. He did indeed, with his usual élan and clarity, present DNA and the roots of living cells from which all life on Earth springs – and boldly said that today’s physics and chemistry can explain it all. But he then laboured the point, with heat photographs of animals and humans, that Life absorbs well ordered “high level” energy (light) and dissipates it as “low level” less orderly energy (heat); which he regretfully, sadly, morosely concluded yet again proves The Second Law of Thermo-Dynamics or Entropy (increasing disorder), which in turn proves that the entire universe will inevitably, irrevocably and irreversibly experience (a sentient universe that grows brains as big as Prof. Cox’s can logically have experiences) Heat Death – which actually means cold-death, as the universe drifts down to Absolute Zero temperature.

Everything is falling apart and going cold – and nothing can stop it - Really?

I think the Heat Death conclusion is flawed. Human beings are creatures that integrate trillions of molecules in efficient warm cooperative conglomerations that build brains, sentience and intelligence. Blades of grass are almost as amazing. Stars condense bitterly cold gas clouds and set them on fire. Solar systems hold orbiting planets that support Life and attract and capture passing asteroids. Galaxies attract and hold solar systems in orbit – and grow by collecting inter-galactic dust. Galaxies collide and merge – and make new solar systems and Black Holes – which shoot out streams of energy. Things explode spectacularly and all the materials are recycled. Most scientists now believe that Life exists in millions or billions of locations across the universe. The universe is alleged to have formed from a limitless expanding field of “pure energy” that somehow (via Higgs?) condensed energy into matter. There is ample scientific evidence of natural forces in our universe that combine and integrate energy and organise (give rise to sentient organisms) matter and energy into vital and identifiable phenomena with scientifically predictable life cycles, lifetimes and half-lives. All these events laugh in the face of today’s scientific conclusions of doom, extrapolated from The Second Law of Thermodynamics. Again, science applies double-speak: “thermodynamics” implies a dynamic universe that responds, evolves and changes with events. But, what the Doom, Doom, Doom mongers believe is that our universe is static – Open, Closed, Saddle-Shaped or Megaphone shaped – they believe it is set on a fatal static course that will not change.

Today’s science largely relies on The Standard Model – built with logic, experiments, interpretations and brilliance over the past hundred years. Science advises us that the standard model is incomplete – hence the hunt for The Higgs and a hundred other sub-atomic bits and pieces – and advises that 80% to 90% of mass is “missing” both from Galaxies and from the nucleus of atoms. Science does not know what Gravity is – or its anti-force, Inertia. All these mysteries are being pursued by science. What is not being addressed by science is; where does the integrating, organising, sentience-creating power come from.

I am sorry to contradict your current view, Professor Cox, but in reality and observably Life and the Universe are evolving and are dynamic – not predestined. We and they are not doomed to evolve to Heat Death. Every action and event in the universe, even thought, feeds back as coherent radio waves, into and is accurately recorded by the universal energy, which thus re-formed and in-formed creates the matrices for the next time-second of eternity. Science should now focus on complex integrated systems - more than on disintegration.

LIFE THE UNIVERSE AND EVERYTHING 2011: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7dmvCsQly2c OR AT

www.noelhodson.com/index_files/Life-Universe-Everything-8Mar2011.pdf

Monday, 21 January 2013

FUSION, GRAVITY, INERTIA, LIFEFORCE.

ISAAC NEWTON AND HIS APPLE.
GRAVITY CALCULATIONS USE "THE NEWTON"
AS A UNIT - WHICH IS THE WEIGHT OF A SMALL APPLE.

LIFE THE UNIVERSE AND EVERYTHING 2011: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7dmvCsQly2c OR AT

www.noelhodson.com/index_files/Life-Universe-Everything-8Mar2011.pdf

So, what is so damn attractive about the centre? What is Gravity? Einstein's is a circular explanation to say that mass sits at the bottom of a space-time bowl into which other mass falls. Newton offers no explanation, he simply accepts Gravity. I now see Gravity as a continuation and product of the tornado spin that, I imagine without evidence, forms the primary particles from colliding light beams.

INERTIA AND CENTRES OF GRAVITY.

LAGRANGE POINTS - A contour plot of the effective potential due to gravity and the centrifugal force of a two-body system in a rotating frame of reference. The arrows indicate the gradients of the potential around the five Lagrange points — downhill toward them (red) or away from them (blue). Counterintuitively, the L₄ and L₅ points are the high points of the potential. At the points themselves these forces are balanced.

All masses are held in place or orbits by Inertia, the combined centres of gravity of the entire Universe, until immensely energetic changes occur in matter or in the pure energy field that are powerful enough to shift Inertia and enable new forms.

BIG-BANGS, AND GENTLE, SENTIENT FORCES – THE FIFTH FUNDAMENTAL FORCE:

My calculation of Hubble Expansion is that the Universe (Space-Time-Continuum) expands at 6.819E-19 percent per second. My maths is not great, so check it out – the circumference of the observable universe, disappearing at light speed. I have not read any reasonable arguments that say that some parts of Space are shielded from this expansion.

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GRAVITY – Einstein pictured Gravity by comparing it to the force under the feet of a person being whisked up in an accelerating elevator or lift, far from any gravitational mass such as Earth, but experiencing the same downward pressure, as if standing on the Earth, due to the acceleration of the rising floor. The passenger would actually be experiencing the Inertia or fixed masses of the entire universe – relative to the floor’s acceleration compared to the relatively static universe. He also pictured Gravity as an infinitely large deep bowl at the bottom of which is the attractive object, such as Earth; any-thing with mass, including massless light, that enters the Earth’s bowl, no matter how distant, will eventually slide down it, to the Earth. If the falling thing is dense enough, far denser than our planet, it will continue going down until its centre (of gravity) gets to the Earth’s centre of gravity – in the centre of our planet. Einstein saw this falling object as appearing to accelerate as it falls through spheres within spheres of what I will call The Aether-Matrix surrounding the planet, each sphere equidistant from all others but those nearest the planet being shrunk (by gravity) so that the object takes less time to pass. You either need to read more about this – or need to get out more.

CHASE THE LIGHT

MORE ON BIRTH, EXISTENCE, LIFE AND DEATH.

Response to an email discussing the previous Blog – I NEVER ASKED TO BE BORN.

My ideas are based on science. It is scientifically true that:

(1) A 90 kilo man or woman is made of:

889,041,045,200,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 photons

889 thousand, billion, billion, billion, billion, billion photons.

(2) If the 90 kilo man collected the photons from “empty” space, he would have to gather them from a sphere or ball with a diameter of 25 million kilometres. BUT, he collects the photons on the Earth, which is already very compact, so in the process of growing from a seed, he gathers them from a sphere or ball in the Earth’s atmosphere of only 12 metres diameter. A human egg or ovum is about the size of a full-stop or period on this page.

(3) Every particle of matter, and every sub-atomic particle, does broadcast its presence and activity as radio waves. Radio waves (Light waves) do go out in spheres for billions of years and maybe for eternity, scientifically, to the edge of the Universe. It is from these “broadcasts” that CERN etc can detect the particles (particle physics) and the Hubble Telescope can detect (see) very distant galaxies (astrophysics).

(4) The human brain and all organised forms (organisms) do also broadcast identifiable, legible radio (light) signals, all the time, from their thoughts. E.g. “I am hungry, I must eat” – “I am angry, I will kill” etc. We do operate on a 10 to 75 watt electrical circuit, depending how physically active we are. We create the electricity from our food. These radio broadcasts are probably received by all sentient life (Jung’s collective unconscious). An average person funnels or channels and processes 25 tonnes of nourishment – plus several tonnes of air – in their lifetime. We are indeed “dissipative” creatures.

(5) IF, the 90 kilo man exploded in a nuclear blast (nuclear = centre of the atoms), it would be similar to several Hiroshima atom bombs exploding; as the photons of light let go and revealed their compacted energy.

Not yet fully scientifically accepted but demonstrably true:

(6) “Empty Space” is not empty. Most scientists now accept it is not empty. My analysis is that because we can “see” the whole universe, from anywhere in the universe, that the light waves we see make light images of the whole universe (holograms) on every scale, everywhere. This is logically true and will be accepted one day. These light waves include ALL our broadcasts from every second – that do scientifically last “for-ever”. This universal sub-structure made from organised light from all phenomena is what I call The Aether-Matrix. Einstein did not say the Aether doesn't exist - he said he didn't need it for his calculations.

(7) The LIFEFORCE is real, as a fundamental, natural, organising force. Science currently turns itself inside-out and through painful quasi-logic contortions to try (and so far to fail) to explain how the scientifically inexplicable “four fundamental natural forces” Gravity, Electro-Magnetism, Weak Nuclear and Strong Nuclear forces become accidentally organised to make Galaxies, Stars, Planets, etc AND very delicate, subtle Sentient and Intelligent life-forms. While science reluctantly accepts from undeniable experimental observations and measurements that the Four-Fundamental Forces (and the Fifty Universal Constants) exist; science is stubbornly blind to blades of grass, trees and walking, talking humans as scientific fundamental factual demonstrations of the natural combination and organisation of energies. I predict that someday the Lifeforce will be ranked with the Four Fundamental Forces, as The Fifth Fundamental Force.

(8) If and When the Lifeforce is accepted as The Fifth Force – it will be seen as the balance of and counter to the gloomy laws of Thermodynamics including Entropy that imagines all energy is expanding (cooling) and will eventually (in a few trillion years) turn the entire universe into a cold, dark, inert, featureless soup. We humans, all 7 billion of us - and our spectacular universe - are living testaments to an organising principle of nature that continues to combine energy in interesting and novel ways. The universe is dynamic; not simply and irrevocably flat, expanding or contracting.

(9) The human seed, within a seed, within a seed does make us (we who are alive in 2012) scientifically “disappear” when traced back down the ancestral line to about 1760 when the enfolded seed (you and me) was too small to exist. It logically was smaller than “The Planck Length” which is the smallest thing permitted by science.

Completely and entirely unscientific:

(10) It is pure speculation that our personal broadcasts are imprinted on the Aether-Matrix and are somehow retained or recorded for all time, and that they then create the templates for new life. But it is a neat theory and accords nicely with many religious insights and philosophies.

(11) It is not scientifically investigated or proved that “we” choose to be born, live and die”. Free will and self-determination is at the very fuzzy edge of the study and science of consciousness. It is part of my “faith” from esoteric reading and works that I believe we unconsciously understand the universe – because we are made of the same stuff as the universe – and that we have free-will.

Do continue to chase the light – and we will find that elusive spirit.

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I NEVER ASKED TO BE BORN

LIFE THE UNIVERSE AND EVERYTHING 2011: